Mako Built-in Functions Reference

Complete reference for every built-in function available in Mako. Signatures use the form function_name(param: type, ...) -> return_type.

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1. Output

Function	Signature	Description
print	print(s: string) -> void	Print a string to stdout
print_int	print_int(n: int) -> void	Print an integer to stdout
print_int64	print_int64(n: int64) -> void	Print a 64-bit integer to stdout
print_int32	print_int32(n: int32) -> void	Print a 32-bit integer to stdout
print_int8	print_int8(n: int8) -> void	Print an 8-bit integer to stdout
print_uint64	print_uint64(n: uint64) -> void	Print an unsigned 64-bit integer to stdout
print_float	print_float(f: float) -> void	Print a float to stdout
print_bool	print_bool(b: bool) -> void	Print a boolean to stdout
dbg	dbg(n: int) -> int	Debug-print an integer and return it
dbg_str	dbg_str(s: string) -> string	Debug-print a string and return it
format_int	format_int(n: int) -> string	Convert an integer to its string representation
format_float	format_float(f: float, prec: int) -> string	Convert a float to string with given decimal precision
format_bool	format_bool(b: bool) -> string	Convert a boolean to "true" or "false"
int_to_string	int_to_string(n: int) -> string	Convert an integer to its string representation
fmt_sprintf	fmt_sprintf(fmt: string, arg: string) -> string	Sprintf-style formatting with a string argument
fmt_sprintf_d	fmt_sprintf_d(fmt: string, arg: int) -> string	Sprintf-style formatting with an integer argument

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2. Strings

Function	Signature	Description
str_len	str_len(s: string) -> int	Return byte length of a string
str_eq	str_eq(a: string, b: string) -> bool	Test two strings for equality
str_contains	str_contains(s: string, substr: string) -> bool	Check if string contains a substring
str_has_prefix	str_has_prefix(s: string, prefix: string) -> bool	Check if string starts with prefix
str_has_suffix	str_has_suffix(s: string, suffix: string) -> bool	Check if string ends with suffix
str_index	str_index(s: string, substr: string) -> int	Return index of first occurrence of substr, or -1
str_last_index	str_last_index(s: string, substr: string) -> int	Return index of last occurrence of substr, or -1
str_trim	str_trim(s: string, cutset: string) -> string	Trim characters in cutset from both ends
str_trim_space	str_trim_space(s: string) -> string	Trim whitespace from both ends
str_trim_left	str_trim_left(s: string, cutset: string) -> string	Trim characters in cutset from the left
str_trim_right	str_trim_right(s: string, cutset: string) -> string	Trim characters in cutset from the right
str_to_lower	str_to_lower(s: string) -> string	Convert string to lowercase
str_to_upper	str_to_upper(s: string) -> string	Convert string to uppercase
str_repeat	str_repeat(s: string, count: int) -> string	Repeat a string count times
str_replace	str_replace(s: string, old: string, new: string) -> string	Replace all occurrences of old with new
str_split	str_split(s: string, sep: string) -> []string	Split string by separator into an array
str_fields	str_fields(s: string) -> []string	Split string on whitespace into an array
str_join	str_join(parts: []string, sep: string) -> string	Join string array with separator
str_count	str_count(s: string, substr: string) -> int	Count non-overlapping occurrences of substr
str_cut	str_cut(s: string, sep: string) -> []string	Cut string at first occurrence of sep, returning [before, after]
rune_count	rune_count(s: string) -> int	Count the number of Unicode code points
str_builder	str_builder() -> StrBuilder	Create a new growable string buffer
builder_write	builder_write(sb: StrBuilder, s: string) -> void	Append a string to the builder
builder_write_byte	builder_write_byte(sb: StrBuilder, b: byte) -> void	Append a single byte to the builder
builder_string	builder_string(sb: StrBuilder) -> string	Finalize and return the built string
builder_len	builder_len(sb: StrBuilder) -> int	Return current length of the builder

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3. Math

Function	Signature	Description
abs	abs(n: int) -> int	Absolute value of an integer
abs_f	abs_f(f: float) -> float	Absolute value of a float
min	min(a: int, b: int) -> int	Return the smaller of two integers
max	max(a: int, b: int) -> int	Return the larger of two integers
clamp	clamp(val: int, lo: int, hi: int) -> int	Clamp an integer to [lo, hi]
clamp_f	clamp_f(val: float, lo: float, hi: float) -> float	Clamp a float to [lo, hi]
sqrt	sqrt(f: float) -> float	Square root
sin	sin(f: float) -> float	Sine (radians)
cos	cos(f: float) -> float	Cosine (radians)
atan2	atan2(y: float, x: float) -> float	Two-argument arctangent
floor_f	floor_f(f: float) -> float	Floor of a float
ceil_f	ceil_f(f: float) -> float	Ceiling of a float
lerp	lerp(a: float, b: float, t: float) -> float	Linear interpolation between a and b
dist2d	dist2d(x1: float, y1: float, x2: float, y2: float) -> float	Euclidean distance between two 2D points
math_abs	math_abs(f: float) -> float	Absolute value of a float
math_sqrt	math_sqrt(f: float) -> float	Square root
math_pow	math_pow(base: float, exp: float) -> float	Raise base to the power of exp
math_floor	math_floor(f: float) -> float	Floor of a float
math_ceil	math_ceil(f: float) -> float	Ceiling of a float
math_sin	math_sin(f: float) -> float	Sine (radians)
math_cos	math_cos(f: float) -> float	Cosine (radians)
math_log	math_log(f: float) -> float	Natural logarithm
math_exp	math_exp(f: float) -> float	Exponential (e^x)
rand_seed	rand_seed(seed: int) -> void	Seed the random number generator
rand_intn	rand_intn(n: int) -> int	Random integer in [0, n)
rand_float	rand_float() -> float	Random float in [0.0, 1.0)
random_int	random_int(lo: int, hi: int) -> int	Cryptographically random integer in [lo, hi]
safe_add	safe_add(a: int, b: int) -> int	Overflow-checked integer addition

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4. Parsing & Conversion

Function	Signature	Description
parse_int	parse_int(s: string) -> Result[int, string]	Parse a string as an integer
parse_float	parse_float(s: string) -> float	Parse a string as a float
parse_bool	parse_bool(s: string) -> Result[int, string]	Parse a string as a boolean (1/0)

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5. Slices & Arrays

Function	Signature	Description
len	len(arr: []int) -> int	Return the length of an array
cap	cap(arr: []int) -> int	Return the capacity of an array
append	append(arr: []int, val: int) -> []int	Append a value to an array, returning the new array
copy	copy(dst: []int, src: []int) -> int	Copy elements from src to dst, return count copied
ints_contains	ints_contains(arr: []int, val: int) -> bool	Check if an int array contains a value
strings_contains	strings_contains(arr: []string, val: string) -> bool	Check if a string array contains a value
ints_index	ints_index(arr: []int, val: int) -> int	Return index of value in int array, or -1
ints_copy	ints_copy(arr: []int) -> []int	Return a shallow copy of an int array
sort_ints	sort_ints(arr: []int) -> []int	Sort an integer array in ascending order
sort_strings	sort_strings(arr: []string) -> []string	Sort a string array in ascending order
slices_reverse	slices_reverse(arr: []int) -> []int	Reverse an integer array
slices_unique	slices_unique(arr: []int) -> []int	Remove duplicates from an integer array
slice_ints	slice_ints(arr: []int, start: int, end: int) -> Slice	Create a borrowed slice view of an int array
slice_len	slice_len(s: Slice) -> int	Return the length of a slice
slice_get	slice_get(s: Slice, idx: int) -> int	Get an element from a slice by index
unsafe_index	unsafe_index(arr: []int, idx: int) -> int	Unchecked array index (no bounds check)

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6. Maps

Function	Signature	Description
maps_keys	maps_keys(m: map[string]int) -> []string	Return all keys from a map
maps_values	maps_values(m: map[string]int) -> []int	Return all values from a map
maps_clear	maps_clear(m: map[string]int) -> void	Remove all entries from a map
maps_clone	maps_clone(m: map[string]int) -> map[string]int	Create a shallow copy of a map
maps_equal	maps_equal(a: map[string]int, b: map[string]int) -> int	Check if two maps have identical entries
maps_copy	maps_copy(dst: map[string]int, src: map[string]int) -> void	Copy all entries from src into dst

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7. File I/O

Function	Signature	Description
read_file	read_file(path: string) -> string	Read entire file contents as a string
write_file	write_file(path: string, data: string) -> int	Write string data to a file (overwrite)
append_file	append_file(path: string, data: string) -> int	Append string data to a file
remove_file	remove_file(path: string) -> int	Delete a file
file_exists	file_exists(path: string) -> bool	Check if a file exists
is_dir	is_dir(path: string) -> bool	Check if a path is a directory
read_dir	read_dir(path: string) -> []string	List entries in a directory
mkdir	mkdir(path: string) -> int	Create a directory
getcwd	getcwd() -> string	Return the current working directory
chdir	chdir(path: string) -> int	Change the current working directory
path_join	path_join(a: string, b: string) -> string	Join two path segments
path_base	path_base(path: string) -> string	Return the last element of a path
path_dir	path_dir(path: string) -> string	Return the directory portion of a path
path_ext	path_ext(path: string) -> string	Return the file extension
path_clean	path_clean(path: string) -> string	Clean and normalize a path
path_is_abs	path_is_abs(path: string) -> bool	Check if a path is absolute
filepath_walk	filepath_walk(root: string) -> []string	Recursively list all files under root
filepath_walk_n	filepath_walk_n(root: string, max: int) -> []string	Recursively list up to max files under root
embed_file	embed_file(path: string) -> string	Embed file contents at compile time

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8. Direct I/O

Function	Signature	Description
file_open	file_open(path: string, flags: int, mode: int) -> int	Open a file descriptor with flags and mode
file_close	file_close(fd: int) -> int	Close a file descriptor
pread	pread(fd: int, count: int, offset: int) -> string	Read count bytes at offset without seeking
pwrite	pwrite(fd: int, data: string, offset: int) -> int	Write data at offset without seeking
file_append	file_append(fd: int, data: string) -> int	Append data to a file descriptor
fsync	fsync(fd: int) -> int	Flush file data and metadata to disk
fdatasync	fdatasync(fd: int) -> int	Flush file data (not metadata) to disk
fallocate	fallocate(fd: int, size: int) -> int	Pre-allocate disk space for a file
file_size	file_size(fd: int) -> int	Return the size of an open file
file_truncate	file_truncate(fd: int, size: int) -> int	Truncate or extend a file to given size
file_seek	file_seek(fd: int, offset: int, whence: int) -> int	Seek to a position in a file
file_read_exact	file_read_exact(fd: int, count: int) -> string	Read exactly count bytes from current position

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9. Memory-Mapped Files

Function	Signature	Description
mmap_open	mmap_open(path: string, size: int) -> MMap	Open an existing file as a memory-mapped region
mmap_create	mmap_create(path: string, size: int) -> MMap	Create a new memory-mapped file
mmap_read	mmap_read(m: MMap, offset: int, len: int) -> string	Read bytes from a mapped region
mmap_write	mmap_write(m: MMap, offset: int, data: string) -> int	Write bytes to a mapped region
mmap_sync	mmap_sync(m: MMap, flags: int) -> int	Flush mapped pages to disk
mmap_size	mmap_size(m: MMap) -> int	Return the size of the mapped region
mmap_close	mmap_close(m: MMap) -> int	Unmap and close the memory-mapped file

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10. Environment

Function	Signature	Description
env_get	env_get(key: string) -> string	Get an environment variable value
env_set	env_set(key: string, val: string) -> int	Set an environment variable
env_get_or	env_get_or(key: string, fallback: string) -> string	Get an environment variable or return fallback
env_has	env_has(key: string) -> int	Check if an environment variable is set
argc	argc() -> int	Return the number of command-line arguments
args	args() -> []string	Return all command-line arguments
arg_get	arg_get(idx: int) -> string	Get a command-line argument by index
flag_string	flag_string(name: string, default: string) -> string	Parse a string flag from command-line arguments
flag_int	flag_int(name: string, default: int) -> int	Parse an integer flag from command-line arguments
flag_bool	flag_bool(name: string, default: int) -> int	Parse a boolean flag from command-line arguments

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11. Time

Function	Signature	Description
now_ns	now_ns() -> int	Current time in nanoseconds since epoch
now_ms	now_ms() -> int	Current time in milliseconds since epoch
time_unix	time_unix() -> int	Current time as Unix timestamp (seconds)
time_format	time_format(unix: int) -> string	Format a Unix timestamp as a human-readable string
sleep_ms	sleep_ms(ms: int) -> void	Sleep for the given number of milliseconds
time_sleep_ms	time_sleep_ms(ms: int) -> void	Sleep for the given number of milliseconds
elapsed_ms	elapsed_ms(start: int) -> int	Milliseconds elapsed since the given start time

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12. HTTP Server

Function	Signature	Description
http_bind	http_bind(port: int) -> int	Bind an HTTP listener on a port
http_accept	http_accept(listener: int) -> int	Accept an incoming HTTP connection
http_method	http_method(conn: int) -> string	Get the HTTP method of a request
http_path	http_path(conn: int) -> string	Get the URL path of a request
http_body	http_body(conn: int) -> string	Get the body of a request
http_header	http_header(conn: int, name: string) -> string	Get a request header value by name
http_respond	http_respond(conn: int, status: int, body: string) -> int	Send an HTTP response with status and body
http_respond_json	http_respond_json(conn: int, status: int, json: string) -> int	Send a JSON HTTP response
http_respond_ct	http_respond_ct(conn: int, status: int, body: string, content_type: string) -> int	Send a response with a custom content type
http_close	http_close(conn: int) -> int	Close an HTTP connection
http_close_listener	http_close_listener(listener: int) -> int	Close an HTTP listener
http_next	http_next(conn: int) -> int	Advance to the next request on a keep-alive connection
http_keepalive	http_keepalive(conn: int) -> int	Check if the connection supports keep-alive
http_serve	http_serve(port: int, handler: string) -> int	Start a simple HTTP server
http_echo	http_echo(port: int) -> int	Start an echo HTTP server
http_listen	http_listen(port: int, handler: string) -> int	Listen and serve HTTP
http_header_ok	http_header_ok(name: string, value: string) -> int	Validate an HTTP header name/value pair
http_content_encoding	http_content_encoding(accept: string) -> string	Determine content encoding from Accept-Encoding
http_compress_if_accepted	http_compress_if_accepted(accept: string, body: string) -> string	Compress body if client accepts compression
http_health_json	http_health_json(name: string, status: int) -> string	Generate a JSON health check response
http_respond_health	http_respond_health(conn: int, name: string, status: int) -> int	Respond with a health check status
http_active_connections	http_active_connections() -> int	Return the number of active HTTP connections

HTTP Shutdown

Function	Signature	Description
http_shutdown_begin	http_shutdown_begin(timeout: int) -> int	Begin graceful shutdown with timeout
http_shutdown_reset	http_shutdown_reset() -> int	Reset shutdown state
http_shutdown_requested	http_shutdown_requested() -> int	Check if shutdown has been requested
http_shutdown_ready	http_shutdown_ready() -> int	Check if shutdown is ready (all connections drained)
http_shutdown_deadline	http_shutdown_deadline() -> int	Get the shutdown deadline timestamp
http_shutdown_remaining	http_shutdown_remaining() -> int	Milliseconds remaining until shutdown deadline
http_shutdown_expired	http_shutdown_expired() -> int	Check if shutdown deadline has passed
http_shutdown_drain_conn	http_shutdown_drain_conn(conn: int) -> int	Drain a connection during shutdown
http_shutdown_from_signal	http_shutdown_from_signal(listener: int, timeout: int) -> int	Begin shutdown from a signal

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13. HTTP Client

Function	Signature	Description
http_get	http_get(url: string) -> string	Perform an HTTP GET request
http_post	http_post(url: string, body: string) -> string	Perform an HTTP POST request
http_request	http_request(method: string, url: string, body: string, timeout: int) -> string	Perform a custom HTTP request
http_get_timeout	http_get_timeout(url: string, timeout_ms: int) -> string	HTTP GET with timeout
http_post_timeout	http_post_timeout(url: string, body: string, timeout_ms: int) -> string	HTTP POST with timeout
http_last_status	http_last_status() -> int	Get the status code of the last HTTP response
http_last_header	http_last_header(name: string) -> string	Get a header from the last HTTP response

HTTP Request Parsing

Function	Signature	Description
http_request_parse	http_request_parse(raw: string) -> HttpRequest	Parse a raw HTTP request string
http_request_from_conn	http_request_from_conn(conn: int) -> HttpRequest	Parse an HTTP request from a connection fd
http_request_method	http_request_method(req: HttpRequest) -> string	Get the method from a parsed request
http_request_path	http_request_path(req: HttpRequest) -> string	Get the path from a parsed request
http_request_body	http_request_body(req: HttpRequest) -> string	Get the body from a parsed request
http_route_match	http_route_match(req: HttpRequest, method: string, pattern: string) -> bool	Match a request against a method and route pattern
http_route_param	http_route_param(req: HttpRequest, pattern: string, name: string) -> string	Extract a route parameter from a matched pattern
http_req_method	http_req_method(conn: int) -> string	Get request method from connection
http_req_path	http_req_path(conn: int) -> string	Get request path from connection
http_req_body	http_req_body(conn: int) -> string	Get request body from connection

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14. JSON

Function	Signature	Description
json_object	json_object(key: string, value: string) -> string	Create a JSON object with one key-value pair
json_get_string	json_get_string(json: string, key: string) -> string	Extract a string value by key from JSON
json_get_int	json_get_int(json: string, key: string) -> int	Extract an integer value by key from JSON
json_get_object	json_get_object(json: string, key: string) -> string	Extract a nested JSON object by key
json_has	json_has(json: string, key: string, value: string) -> int	Check if JSON has a key with a given value
json_nest	json_nest(key: string, inner: string) -> string	Nest a JSON value under a key
json_merge	json_merge(a: string, b: string) -> string	Merge two JSON objects
json_path_string	json_path_string(json: string, path: string, key: string) -> string	Extract a string via dot-path navigation
json_path_int	json_path_int(json: string, path: string, key: string) -> int	Extract an integer via dot-path navigation
json_ss	json_ss(k1: string, v1: string, k2: string, v2: string) -> string	Create a JSON object with two string key-value pairs
json_si	json_si(k1: string, v1: string, k2: string, v2: int) -> string	Create a JSON object with a string and an int key-value pair
json_i	json_i(key: string, value: int) -> string	Create a JSON object with one int key-value pair
json_object_from_map_ss	json_object_from_map_ss(m: map[string]string) -> string	Convert a map[string]string to a JSON object
json_array_len	json_array_len(json: string) -> int	Return the length of a JSON array
json_array_get_int	json_array_get_int(json: string, idx: int) -> int	Get an integer element from a JSON array
json_array_get_string	json_array_get_string(json: string, idx: int) -> string	Get a string element from a JSON array
json_array_push_string	json_array_push_string(json: string, val: string) -> string	Push a string onto a JSON array
json_array_push_int	json_array_push_int(json: string, val: int) -> string	Push an integer onto a JSON array
json_array_ints3	json_array_ints3(a: int, b: int, c: int) -> string	Create a JSON array from three integers
json_array_strings2	json_array_strings2(a: string, b: string) -> string	Create a JSON array from two strings

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15. Database

SQLite (Legacy)

Function	Signature	Description
sqlite_query_int	sqlite_query_int(db: string, sql: string) -> int	Query an integer from SQLite
sqlite_query_text	sqlite_query_text(db: string, sql: string) -> string	Query a text value from SQLite
sqlite_query_int_params	sqlite_query_int_params(db: string, sql: string, params: []int) -> int	Query an integer from SQLite with params

PostgreSQL (Legacy)

Function	Signature	Description
pg_connect	pg_connect(connstr: string) -> PgConn	Connect to a PostgreSQL database
pg_ok	pg_ok(conn: PgConn) -> int	Check if a Postgres connection is valid
pg_exec	pg_exec(conn: PgConn, sql: string) -> int	Execute SQL on a Postgres connection
pg_exec_row_count	pg_exec_row_count(conn: PgConn, sql: string) -> int	Execute SQL and return affected row count
pg_close	pg_close(conn: PgConn) -> int	Close a Postgres connection
pg_connect_url	pg_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a Postgres connection URL

Unified SQL

Function	Signature	Description
sql_open_sqlite	sql_open_sqlite(path: string) -> SqlDB	Open a SQLite database
sql_open_postgres	sql_open_postgres(connstr: string) -> SqlDB	Open a PostgreSQL database
sql_ok	sql_ok(db: SqlDB) -> int	Check if a database connection is valid
sql_close	sql_close(db: SqlDB) -> int	Close a database connection
sql_exec	sql_exec(db: SqlDB, sql: string, params: []int) -> int	Execute SQL with integer params
sql_exec_plain	sql_exec_plain(db: SqlDB, sql: string) -> int	Execute SQL without params
sql_exec_str4	sql_exec_str4(db: SqlDB, sql: string, a: string, b: string, c: string, d: string) -> int	Execute SQL with four string params
sql_query_int	sql_query_int(db: SqlDB, sql: string, params: []int) -> int	Query a single integer result
sql_query_str	sql_query_str(db: SqlDB, sql: string, param: string) -> string	Query a single string result
sql_begin	sql_begin(db: SqlDB) -> int	Begin a transaction
sql_commit	sql_commit(db: SqlDB) -> int	Commit a transaction
sql_rollback	sql_rollback(db: SqlDB) -> int	Roll back a transaction
sql_prepare	sql_prepare(db: SqlDB, sql: string) -> int	Prepare a SQL statement
sql_stmt_query_int	sql_stmt_query_int(stmt: int, params: []int) -> int	Query integer from a prepared statement
sql_stmt_exec	sql_stmt_exec(stmt: int, params: []int) -> int	Execute a prepared statement
sql_stmt_close	sql_stmt_close(stmt: int) -> int	Close a prepared statement
sql_migration_applied	sql_migration_applied(db: SqlDB, version: int) -> int	Check if a migration has been applied
sql_migrate	sql_migrate(db: SqlDB, version: int, sql: string) -> int	Apply a migration
sql_check_typed	sql_check_typed(table: string, col: string, type_name: string, constraint: string) -> int	Validate column type constraints
sql_query	sql_query(sql: string) -> string	Execute a raw SQL query string

SQL Connection Pool

Function	Signature	Description
sql_pool_open_sqlite	sql_pool_open_sqlite(path: string, size: int) -> int	Open a SQLite connection pool
sql_pool_open_postgres	sql_pool_open_postgres(connstr: string, size: int) -> int	Open a PostgreSQL connection pool
sql_pool_ok	sql_pool_ok(pool: int) -> int	Check if a pool is valid
sql_pool_size	sql_pool_size(pool: int) -> int	Return the pool size
sql_pool_opened	sql_pool_opened(pool: int) -> int	Return number of opened connections
sql_pool_next_slot	sql_pool_next_slot(pool: int) -> int	Get the next available pool slot
sql_pool_query_int	sql_pool_query_int(pool: int, sql: string, params: []int) -> int	Query integer via pool
sql_pool_exec	sql_pool_exec(pool: int, sql: string, params: []int) -> int	Execute SQL via pool
sql_pool_close	sql_pool_close(pool: int) -> int	Close the connection pool

MySQL

Function	Signature	Description
mysql_connect	mysql_connect(connstr: string) -> MysqlConn	Connect to a MySQL database
mysql_connect_url	mysql_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a MySQL connection URL
mysql_ok	mysql_ok(conn: MysqlConn) -> int	Check if a MySQL connection is valid
mysql_close	mysql_close(conn: MysqlConn) -> int	Close a MySQL connection
mysql_is_mariadb	mysql_is_mariadb(version: string) -> int	Check if the server is MariaDB
mysql_driver_name	mysql_driver_name(version: string) -> string	Return the driver name for a version string

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16. Redis

Function	Signature	Description
redis_connect	redis_connect(addr: string) -> RedisConn	Connect to a Redis server
redis_connect_url	redis_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a Redis connection URL
redis_ok	redis_ok(conn: RedisConn) -> int	Check if a Redis connection is valid
redis_close	redis_close(conn: RedisConn) -> int	Close a Redis connection
redis_conn_ping	redis_conn_ping(conn: RedisConn) -> string	Ping the Redis server
redis_conn_set	redis_conn_set(conn: RedisConn, key: string, val: string) -> string	Set a key-value pair
redis_conn_get	redis_conn_get(conn: RedisConn, key: string) -> string	Get a value by key
redis_conn_del	redis_conn_del(conn: RedisConn, key: string) -> string	Delete a key
redis_conn_exists	redis_conn_exists(conn: RedisConn, key: string) -> string	Check if a key exists
redis_ping	redis_ping(addr: string, port: int) -> string	Ping a Redis server by address and port
redis_set	redis_set(addr: string, port: int, key: string, val: string) -> string	Set a value on a Redis server
redis_get	redis_get(addr: string, port: int, key: string) -> string	Get a value from a Redis server
redis_del	redis_del(addr: string, port: int, key: string) -> string	Delete a key from a Redis server
redis_exists	redis_exists(addr: string, port: int, key: string) -> string	Check if a key exists on a Redis server
redis_mock_once	redis_mock_once(port: int) -> int	Start a single-request Redis mock
redis_mock_kv	redis_mock_kv(port: int, count: int) -> int	Start a Redis mock with key-value support

---

17. Crypto & Security

Function	Signature	Description
sha1	sha1(data: string) -> string	Compute SHA-1 hash (raw bytes)
sha256	sha256(data: string) -> string	Compute SHA-256 hash (raw bytes)
sha512	sha512(data: string) -> string	Compute SHA-512 hash (raw bytes)
hmac_sha256	hmac_sha256(key: string, data: string) -> string	Compute HMAC-SHA256 (raw bytes)
random_bytes	random_bytes(n: int) -> string	Generate n cryptographically random bytes
const_eq	const_eq(a: string, b: string) -> int	Constant-time string comparison
crypto_eq	crypto_eq(a: string, b: string) -> int	Constant-time byte comparison
secret_from_str	secret_from_str(s: string) -> Secret	Wrap a string as a secret (zeroized on drop)
secret_drop	secret_drop(s: Secret) -> void	Securely erase and drop a secret
aead_available	aead_available() -> int	Check if AEAD ciphers are available
aes_gcm_seal	aes_gcm_seal(key: string, nonce: string, plaintext: string, aad: string) -> string	Encrypt with AES-GCM
aes_gcm_open	aes_gcm_open(key: string, nonce: string, ciphertext: string, aad: string) -> string	Decrypt with AES-GCM
chacha20_poly1305_seal	chacha20_poly1305_seal(key: string, nonce: string, plaintext: string, aad: string) -> string	Encrypt with ChaCha20-Poly1305
chacha20_poly1305_open	chacha20_poly1305_open(key: string, nonce: string, ciphertext: string, aad: string) -> string	Decrypt with ChaCha20-Poly1305

---

18. Encoding

Function	Signature	Description
base64_encode	base64_encode(data: string) -> string	Encode data as base64
base64_decode	base64_decode(data: string) -> string	Decode base64 data
base32_encode	base32_encode(data: string) -> string	Encode data as base32
hex_encode	hex_encode(data: string) -> string	Encode data as hexadecimal
hex_decode	hex_decode(data: string) -> string	Decode hexadecimal data
url_query_escape	url_query_escape(s: string) -> string	Escape a string for use in URL query parameters
gzip_compress	gzip_compress(data: string) -> string	Compress data with gzip
gzip_decompress	gzip_decompress(data: string) -> string	Decompress gzip data
gzip_available	gzip_available() -> int	Check if gzip is available
bin_encode_int	bin_encode_int(n: int) -> string	Encode an integer in binary format

Binary Encoding (Little-Endian)

Function	Signature	Description
binary_put_u16le	binary_put_u16le(n: int) -> string	Encode uint16 as little-endian bytes
binary_put_u32le	binary_put_u32le(n: int) -> string	Encode uint32 as little-endian bytes
binary_put_u64le	binary_put_u64le(n: int) -> string	Encode uint64 as little-endian bytes
binary_u16le	binary_u16le(data: string) -> int	Decode little-endian bytes as uint16
binary_u32le	binary_u32le(data: string) -> int	Decode little-endian bytes as uint32
binary_u64le	binary_u64le(data: string) -> int	Decode little-endian bytes as uint64

Binary Encoding (Big-Endian)

Function	Signature	Description
binary_put_u16be	binary_put_u16be(n: int) -> string	Encode uint16 as big-endian bytes
binary_put_u32be	binary_put_u32be(n: int) -> string	Encode uint32 as big-endian bytes
binary_put_u64be	binary_put_u64be(n: int) -> string	Encode uint64 as big-endian bytes
binary_u16be	binary_u16be(data: string) -> int	Decode big-endian bytes as uint16
binary_u32be	binary_u32be(data: string) -> int	Decode big-endian bytes as uint32
binary_u64be	binary_u64be(data: string) -> int	Decode big-endian bytes as uint64

Gob Encoding

Function	Signature	Description
gob_encode_string	gob_encode_string(s: string) -> string	Encode a string in gob format
gob_decode_string	gob_decode_string(data: string) -> string	Decode a gob-encoded string
gob_encode_int	gob_encode_int(n: int) -> string	Encode an integer in gob format
gob_decode_int	gob_decode_int(data: string) -> int	Decode a gob-encoded integer
gob_encode_map_ss	gob_encode_map_ss(m: map[string]string) -> string	Encode a map[string]string in gob format
gob_decode_map_ss	gob_decode_map_ss(data: string) -> map[string]string	Decode a gob-encoded map[string]string
gob_encode_strs	gob_encode_strs(arr: []string) -> string	Encode a string array in gob format
gob_decode_strs	gob_decode_strs(data: string) -> []string	Decode a gob-encoded string array
gob_encode_struct	gob_encode_struct(val: ReflectValue) -> string	Encode a reflected struct in gob format
gob_decode_struct	gob_decode_struct(data: string) -> ReflectValue	Decode a gob-encoded struct

Serialization Formats

Function	Signature	Description
yaml_get_string	yaml_get_string(yaml: string, key: string) -> string	Extract a string value from YAML by key
toml_get_string	toml_get_string(toml: string, key: string) -> string	Extract a string value from TOML by key
toml_get_int	toml_get_int(toml: string, key: string) -> int	Extract an integer value from TOML by key
msgpack_int_hex	msgpack_int_hex(n: int) -> string	Encode an integer as MessagePack hex
cbor_int_hex	cbor_int_hex(n: int) -> string	Encode an integer as CBOR hex
avro_long_hex	avro_long_hex(n: int) -> string	Encode a long as Avro hex
csv_split_line	csv_split_line(line: string) -> []string	Split a CSV line into fields
csv_join_row	csv_join_row(fields: []string) -> string	Join fields into a CSV row
xml_escape	xml_escape(s: string) -> string	Escape special characters for XML
html_escape	html_escape(s: string) -> string	Escape special characters for HTML
xml_tag_text	xml_tag_text(tag: string, text: string) -> string	Create an XML element with text content

---

19. Regular Expressions

Function	Signature	Description
regex_match	regex_match(pattern: string, s: string) -> bool	Check if string matches a regex pattern
regex_find	regex_find(pattern: string, s: string) -> string	Find the first match of a pattern
regex_find_all	regex_find_all(pattern: string, s: string, max: int) -> []string	Find all matches up to max count
regex_replace	regex_replace(pattern: string, s: string, replacement: string) -> string	Replace the first match
regex_replace_all	regex_replace_all(pattern: string, s: string, replacement: string) -> string	Replace all matches
regex_capture	regex_capture(pattern: string, s: string, group: int) -> string	Extract a capture group from a match
regex_valid	regex_valid(pattern: string) -> int	Check if a regex pattern is valid
regex_quote_meta	regex_quote_meta(s: string) -> string	Escape regex metacharacters in a string

---

20. UUID

Function	Signature	Description
uuid_v4	uuid_v4() -> Uuid	Generate a random v4 UUID
uuid_nil	uuid_nil() -> Uuid	Return the nil UUID (all zeros)
uuid_string	uuid_string(u: Uuid) -> string	Convert a UUID to its string representation
uuid_parse	uuid_parse(s: string) -> Uuid	Parse a string as a UUID
uuid_parse_ok	uuid_parse_ok(s: string) -> bool	Check if a string is a valid UUID
uuid_eq	uuid_eq(a: Uuid, b: Uuid) -> bool	Compare two UUIDs for equality
uuid_is_nil	uuid_is_nil(u: Uuid) -> bool	Check if a UUID is nil
uuid_check	uuid_check(s: string) -> Result[int, string]	Parse and validate a UUID string

---

21. Cookies & Sessions

Function	Signature	Description
cookie_get	cookie_get(header: string, name: string) -> string	Extract a cookie value from a Cookie header
cookie_make	cookie_make(name: string, value: string, max_age: int) -> string	Create a Set-Cookie header string
session_id_new	session_id_new() -> string	Generate a new cryptographically random session ID
csrf_token	csrf_token() -> string	Generate a new CSRF token
csrf_check	csrf_check(token: string, expected: string) -> int	Validate a CSRF token

---

22. Authentication

Function	Signature	Description
auth_bearer	auth_bearer(header: string) -> string	Extract bearer token from Authorization header
auth_check_bearer	auth_check_bearer(header: string, expected: string) -> int	Validate a bearer token
auth_basic_header	auth_basic_header(user: string, pass: string) -> string	Create a Basic auth header
auth_check_basic	auth_check_basic(header: string, user: string, pass: string) -> int	Validate Basic auth credentials
auth_token_sign	auth_token_sign(subject: string, secret: string) -> string	Sign an auth token with a subject
auth_token_check	auth_token_check(token: string, secret: string) -> int	Verify an auth token
auth_token_subject	auth_token_subject(token: string) -> string	Extract the subject from an auth token
auth_session_cookie	auth_session_cookie(user: string, secret: string, name: string) -> int	Create a session cookie for a user
auth_role_has	auth_role_has(roles: string, role: string) -> int	Check if a role list contains a specific role
authz_allow_role	authz_allow_role(roles: string, required: string) -> int	Authorize based on required role

---

23. Channels

Function	Signature	Description
chan_new	chan_new(capacity: int) -> chan[int]	Create a new buffered channel
chan_try_send	chan_try_send(ch: chan[int], val: int) -> int	Non-blocking send; returns 0 on success
chan_len	chan_len(ch: chan[int]) -> int	Return the number of items in the channel
chan_cap	chan_cap(ch: chan[int]) -> int	Return the capacity of the channel
chan_select2	chan_select2(a: chan[int], b: chan[int], timeout_ms: int) -> int	Select from two channels with timeout
chan_select3	chan_select3(a: chan[int], b: chan[int], c: chan[int], timeout_ms: int) -> int	Select from three channels with timeout
chan_select4	chan_select4(a: chan[int], b: chan[int], c: chan[int], d: chan[int], timeout_ms: int) -> int	Select from four channels with timeout
chan_select_value	chan_select_value() -> int	Get the value from the last select operation

---

24. Concurrency

Mutexes

Function	Signature	Description
mutex_new	mutex_new() -> Mutex	Create a new mutex
mutex_lock	mutex_lock(m: Mutex) -> void	Acquire the mutex lock
mutex_unlock	mutex_unlock(m: Mutex) -> void	Release the mutex lock
rwmutex_new	rwmutex_new() -> RWMutex	Create a new readers-writer mutex
rwmutex_rlock	rwmutex_rlock(m: RWMutex) -> void	Acquire a read lock
rwmutex_runlock	rwmutex_runlock(m: RWMutex) -> void	Release a read lock
rwmutex_lock	rwmutex_lock(m: RWMutex) -> void	Acquire a write lock
rwmutex_unlock	rwmutex_unlock(m: RWMutex) -> void	Release a write lock

Atomics

Function	Signature	Description
atomic_new	atomic_new(val: int) -> AtomicInt	Create a new atomic integer
atomic_load	atomic_load(a: AtomicInt) -> int	Atomically load the value
atomic_store	atomic_store(a: AtomicInt, val: int) -> void	Atomically store a value
atomic_add	atomic_add(a: AtomicInt, delta: int) -> int	Atomically add and return the new value
atomic_cas	atomic_cas(a: AtomicInt, expected: int, desired: int) -> int	Compare-and-swap; returns 1 on success

WaitGroup

Function	Signature	Description
wait_group_new	wait_group_new() -> WaitGroup	Create a new wait group
wait_group_add	wait_group_add(wg: WaitGroup, delta: int) -> void	Add to the wait group counter
wait_group_done	wait_group_done(wg: WaitGroup) -> void	Decrement the wait group counter
wait_group_wait	wait_group_wait(wg: WaitGroup) -> void	Block until the counter reaches zero

Shared References

Function	Signature	Description
share_int	share_int(val: int) -> ShareInt	Create a shared reference-counted integer
share_clone	share_clone(s: ShareInt) -> ShareInt	Clone a shared integer (increment ref count)
share_get	share_get(s: ShareInt) -> int	Read the value of a shared integer
share_drop	share_drop(s: ShareInt) -> void	Drop a shared integer reference

---

25. Concurrent Map (CMap)

Function	Signature	Description
cmap_new	cmap_new() -> CMap	Create a new concurrent hash map
cmap_set	cmap_set(m: CMap, key: string, val: string) -> void	Set a key-value pair
cmap_get	cmap_get(m: CMap, key: string) -> string	Get a value by key
cmap_has	cmap_has(m: CMap, key: string) -> int	Check if a key exists
cmap_del	cmap_del(m: CMap, key: string) -> int	Delete a key
cmap_len	cmap_len(m: CMap) -> int	Return the number of entries
cmap_incr	cmap_incr(m: CMap, key: string, delta: int) -> int	Atomically increment a numeric value

---

26. Event Loop

Function	Signature	Description
evloop_new	evloop_new() -> EvLoop	Create a new event loop
evloop_add	evloop_add(el: EvLoop, fd: int, flags: int) -> int	Add a file descriptor to the event loop
evloop_mod	evloop_mod(el: EvLoop, fd: int, flags: int) -> int	Modify events for a file descriptor
evloop_del	evloop_del(el: EvLoop, fd: int) -> int	Remove a file descriptor from the event loop
evloop_wait	evloop_wait(el: EvLoop, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Wait for events with timeout
evloop_event_fd	evloop_event_fd(el: EvLoop, idx: int) -> int	Get the fd of the i-th ready event
evloop_event_flags	evloop_event_flags(el: EvLoop, idx: int) -> int	Get the flags of the i-th ready event
evloop_close	evloop_close(el: EvLoop) -> int	Close the event loop

Non-Blocking I/O Helpers

Function	Signature	Description
nb_listen	nb_listen(port: int) -> int	Create a non-blocking listening socket
nb_accept	nb_accept(fd: int) -> int	Non-blocking accept
nb_read	nb_read(fd: int) -> string	Non-blocking read
nb_write	nb_write(fd: int, data: string) -> int	Non-blocking write
nb_udp_bind	nb_udp_bind(port: int) -> int	Bind a non-blocking UDP socket
nb_udp_recv	nb_udp_recv(fd: int) -> string	Non-blocking UDP receive
nb_close	nb_close(fd: int) -> int	Close a non-blocking fd

---

27. Binary Buffer

Function	Signature	Description
buf_pack_new	buf_pack_new(capacity: int) -> Buf	Create a new binary buffer with given capacity
buf_from_string	buf_from_string(s: string) -> Buf	Create a buffer from a string
buf_to_string	buf_to_string(b: Buf) -> string	Convert buffer contents to a string
buf_len	buf_len(b: Buf) -> int	Return the length of the buffer
buf_pos	buf_pos(b: Buf) -> int	Return the current read/write position
buf_reset	buf_reset(b: Buf) -> void	Reset buffer position to zero
buf_seek	buf_seek(b: Buf, pos: int) -> void	Seek to a specific position
buf_free	buf_free(b: Buf) -> void	Free the buffer memory

Write Operations

Function	Signature	Description
buf_write_u8	buf_write_u8(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint8
buf_write_u16	buf_write_u16(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint16 (little-endian)
buf_write_u32	buf_write_u32(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint32 (little-endian)
buf_write_u64	buf_write_u64(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint64 (little-endian)
buf_write_i32	buf_write_i32(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a signed int32
buf_write_f32	buf_write_f32(b: Buf, val: float) -> void	Write a 32-bit float
buf_write_f64	buf_write_f64(b: Buf, val: float) -> void	Write a 64-bit float
buf_write_bytes	buf_write_bytes(b: Buf, data: string) -> void	Write raw bytes
buf_write_str	buf_write_str(b: Buf, s: string) -> void	Write a length-prefixed string
buf_write_u16be	buf_write_u16be(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint16 (big-endian)
buf_write_u32be	buf_write_u32be(b: Buf, val: int) -> void	Write a uint32 (big-endian)

Read Operations

Function	Signature	Description
buf_read_u8	buf_read_u8(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint8
buf_read_u16	buf_read_u16(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint16 (little-endian)
buf_read_u32	buf_read_u32(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint32 (little-endian)
buf_read_u64	buf_read_u64(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint64 (little-endian)
buf_read_i32	buf_read_i32(b: Buf) -> int	Read a signed int32
buf_read_f32	buf_read_f32(b: Buf) -> float	Read a 32-bit float
buf_read_f64	buf_read_f64(b: Buf) -> float	Read a 64-bit float
buf_read_bytes	buf_read_bytes(b: Buf, n: int) -> string	Read n raw bytes
buf_read_str	buf_read_str(b: Buf) -> string	Read a length-prefixed string
buf_read_u16be	buf_read_u16be(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint16 (big-endian)
buf_read_u32be	buf_read_u32be(b: Buf) -> int	Read a uint32 (big-endian)

Byte Buffer Pool

Function	Signature	Description
buf_get	buf_get(size: int) -> []byte	Get a byte buffer from the pool
buf_put	buf_put(b: []byte) -> void	Return a byte buffer to the pool

---

28. Game Networking

Function	Signature	Description
game_udp_bind	game_udp_bind(port: int) -> GameUDP	Bind a game UDP socket
game_udp_recv	game_udp_recv(sock: GameUDP) -> string	Receive a packet
game_udp_sender	game_udp_sender(sock: GameUDP) -> int	Get the sender peer ID of the last received packet
game_udp_send	game_udp_send(sock: GameUDP, peer: int, data: string) -> int	Send a packet to a specific peer
game_udp_broadcast	game_udp_broadcast(sock: GameUDP, data: string) -> int	Broadcast a packet to all peers
game_udp_kick	game_udp_kick(sock: GameUDP, peer: int) -> void	Disconnect a peer
game_udp_peers	game_udp_peers(sock: GameUDP) -> int	Return the number of connected peers
game_udp_fd	game_udp_fd(sock: GameUDP) -> int	Get the underlying file descriptor
game_udp_close	game_udp_close(sock: GameUDP) -> void	Close the game UDP socket
tick_now_us	tick_now_us() -> int	Current time in microseconds (monotonic)
tick_sleep_us	tick_sleep_us(target: int, period: int) -> int	Sleep until next tick period

Game Loop

Function	Signature	Description
game_fixed_steps	game_fixed_steps(dt: int, step: int, accum: int) -> int	Calculate fixed-step update count
game_fixed_remainder	game_fixed_remainder(dt: int, step: int, accum: int) -> int	Remaining accumulator after fixed steps
game_alpha	game_alpha(dt: int, step: int, accum: int) -> int	Interpolation alpha for rendering
game_frame_budget_ok	game_frame_budget_ok(elapsed: int, budget: int) -> int	Check if frame completed within budget

Fixed-Point Math

Function	Signature	Description
fx_from_int	fx_from_int(val: int, shift: int) -> int	Convert integer to fixed-point
fx_to_int	fx_to_int(val: int, shift: int) -> int	Convert fixed-point to integer
fx_mul	fx_mul(a: int, b: int, shift: int) -> int	Multiply two fixed-point values
fx_div	fx_div(a: int, b: int, shift: int) -> int	Divide two fixed-point values

Deterministic RNG

Function	Signature	Description
det_rng_next	det_rng_next(state: int) -> int	Advance deterministic RNG state
det_rng_range	det_rng_range(state: int, max: int) -> int	Get a deterministic random value in range

Replay

Function	Signature	Description
replay_append	replay_append(buf: string, frame: int, input: int) -> string	Append an input to a replay buffer
replay_input	replay_input(buf: string, frame: int) -> int	Get the input at a specific frame

---

29. Cloud / Distributed

Consistent Hashing

Function	Signature	Description
chash_new	chash_new(replicas: int, nodes: int) -> CHash	Create a consistent hash ring
chash_get	chash_get(ring: CHash, key: string) -> int	Get the node for a key
chash_add_node	chash_add_node(ring: CHash) -> int	Add a node to the ring
chash_remove_node	chash_remove_node(ring: CHash, node: int) -> void	Remove a node from the ring
chash_node_count	chash_node_count(ring: CHash) -> int	Return the number of nodes
chash_free	chash_free(ring: CHash) -> void	Free the hash ring

Rate Limiting

Function	Signature	Description
ratelimit_new	ratelimit_new(max: int, window_ms: int) -> RateLimiter	Create a new rate limiter
ratelimit_allow	ratelimit_allow(rl: RateLimiter) -> int	Check if a request is allowed
ratelimit_remaining	ratelimit_remaining(rl: RateLimiter) -> int	Return remaining allowed requests
ratelimit_free	ratelimit_free(rl: RateLimiter) -> void	Free the rate limiter
rate_allow	rate_allow(key: string, max: int, window_ms: int) -> int	Key-based rate limiting check
rate_remaining	rate_remaining(key: string, max: int, window_ms: int) -> int	Key-based remaining requests

Circuit Breaker

Function	Signature	Description
breaker_new	breaker_new(threshold: int, timeout_ms: int, half_max: int) -> CircuitBreaker	Create a new circuit breaker
breaker_allow	breaker_allow(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> int	Check if a request is allowed
breaker_success	breaker_success(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> void	Record a successful operation
breaker_failure	breaker_failure(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> void	Record a failed operation
breaker_state	breaker_state(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> int	Get the current state (closed/open/half-open)
breaker_reset	breaker_reset(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> void	Reset to closed state
breaker_free	breaker_free(cb: CircuitBreaker) -> void	Free the circuit breaker

JWT

Function	Signature	Description
jwt_sign	jwt_sign(payload: string, secret: string) -> string	Sign a JWT payload
jwt_verify	jwt_verify(token: string, secret: string) -> int	Verify a JWT signature
jwt_payload	jwt_payload(token: string) -> string	Extract the payload from a JWT

Backoff

Function	Signature	Description
backoff_ms	backoff_ms(attempt: int, base_ms: int, max_ms: int) -> int	Calculate exponential backoff delay

---

30. HTTP Engine

Function	Signature	Description
httpengine_new	httpengine_new(port: int, max_conns: int) -> HttpEngine	Create a new HTTP engine
httpengine_route	httpengine_route(engine: HttpEngine, pattern: string, method: int, handler: string, name: string) -> void	Register a route
httpengine_serve	httpengine_serve(engine: HttpEngine) -> int	Start serving

---

31. Router

Function	Signature	Description
router_new	router_new() -> int	Create a new router
router_group	router_group(router: int, prefix: string) -> int	Create a route group with a prefix
router_add	router_add(router: int, method: string, pattern: string, handler: string) -> int	Add a route
router_match	router_match(router: int, req: HttpRequest) -> string	Match a request to a route handler
router_match_path	router_match_path(router: int, method: string, path: string) -> string	Match a method and path to a handler
router_param	router_param(router: int, req: HttpRequest, name: string) -> string	Extract a route parameter
router_count	router_count(router: int) -> int	Return the number of registered routes

---

32. Request Context & Middleware

Function	Signature	Description
reqctx_new	reqctx_new() -> int	Create a new request context
reqctx_set	reqctx_set(ctx: int, key: string, val: string) -> int	Set a context value
reqctx_get	reqctx_get(ctx: int, key: string) -> string	Get a context value
reqctx_has	reqctx_has(ctx: int, key: string) -> int	Check if a context key exists
reqctx_count	reqctx_count(ctx: int) -> int	Return the number of context entries
middleware_allow_methods	middleware_allow_methods(req: HttpRequest, methods: string) -> int	Check if request method is allowed
middleware_next	middleware_next(ctx: int, name: string) -> int	Advance to the next middleware
middleware_ran	middleware_ran(ctx: int, name: string) -> int	Check if a middleware has run
middleware_trace	middleware_trace(ctx: int) -> string	Get the middleware execution trace
middleware_require_context	middleware_require_context(ctx: int, key: string) -> int	Require a context key to be set

---

33. Testing

Function	Signature	Description
assert	assert(cond: bool) -> void	Assert a condition is true; panic if false
assert_eq	assert_eq(a: int, b: int) -> void	Assert two integers are equal
assert_eq_str	assert_eq_str(a: string, b: string) -> void	Assert two strings are equal
fail	fail(msg: string) -> void	Unconditionally fail with a message
t_run	t_run(name: string) -> void	Run a named test case
t_run_nested	t_run_nested(name: string) -> void	Run a nested test case
black_box	black_box(n: int) -> int	Prevent compiler optimization (benchmarking)
httptest_serve_once	httptest_serve_once(port: int, response: string) -> int	Start a test HTTP server for one request
httptest_get	httptest_get(url: string) -> string	Perform a test HTTP GET
httptest_status	httptest_status() -> int	Get the status of the last test request
httptest_header	httptest_header(name: string) -> string	Get a header from the last test response

---

34. Runtime

Function	Signature	Description
runtime_stats_json	runtime_stats_json() -> string	Return runtime statistics as JSON
runtime_stats_reset	runtime_stats_reset() -> void	Reset runtime statistics counters
exit	exit(code: int) -> void	Exit the process with a status code
leak_mark	leak_mark() -> int	Mark current allocation state for leak detection
leak_bytes_since	leak_bytes_since(mark: int) -> int	Bytes allocated since a leak mark
leak_detected	leak_detected(mark: int) -> int	Check if any leak detected since mark
leak_assert_clear	leak_assert_clear(mark: int) -> int	Assert no leaks since mark
leak_report_json	leak_report_json(mark: int) -> string	Leak report as JSON
gc_arena_new	gc_arena_new() -> Arena	Create a new GC arena
arena_text	arena_text(a: Arena, s: string) -> string	Allocate a string in the arena
arena_ints	arena_ints(a: Arena, n: int) -> []int	Allocate an int array in the arena
arena_stamp	arena_stamp(a: Arena, n: int) -> int	Stamp an arena allocation
dlopen_probe	dlopen_probe(lib: string) -> int	Check if a dynamic library can be loaded
await_timeout	await_timeout(job: Job[int], timeout_ms: int) -> int	Await a job with timeout

---

35. Allocation Tracking

Function	Signature	Description
alloc_track_reset	alloc_track_reset() -> int	Reset the allocation tracker
alloc_track_alloc	alloc_track_alloc(bytes: int) -> int	Record an allocation
alloc_track_free	alloc_track_free(bytes: int) -> int	Record a free
alloc_live_bytes	alloc_live_bytes() -> int	Return currently live allocated bytes
alloc_high_bytes	alloc_high_bytes() -> int	Return peak allocated bytes
alloc_report_json	alloc_report_json() -> string	Allocation report as JSON

---

36. TCP & UDP Networking

TCP

Function	Signature	Description
tcp_listen	tcp_listen(port: int) -> int	Listen on a TCP port
tcp_accept	tcp_accept(listener: int) -> int	Accept a TCP connection
tcp_accept_nb	tcp_accept_nb(listener: int) -> int	Non-blocking TCP accept
tcp_connect	tcp_connect(host: string, port: int) -> int	Connect to a TCP server
tcp_write	tcp_write(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Write data to a TCP connection
tcp_read	tcp_read(conn: int) -> string	Read data from a TCP connection
tcp_read_print	tcp_read_print(conn: int) -> int	Read and print TCP data
tcp_nodelay	tcp_nodelay(conn: int) -> int	Set TCP_NODELAY on a connection
tcp_close	tcp_close(conn: int) -> int	Close a TCP connection

UDP

Function	Signature	Description
udp_bind	udp_bind(port: int) -> int	Bind a UDP socket
udp_send_to	udp_send_to(fd: int, host: string, port: int, data: string) -> int	Send UDP data to a host:port
udp_recv	udp_recv(fd: int, max_bytes: int) -> string	Receive UDP data
udp_local_port	udp_local_port(fd: int) -> int	Get the local port of a UDP socket
udp_close	udp_close(fd: int) -> int	Close a UDP socket

Unix Sockets

Function	Signature	Description
unix_socket_pair	unix_socket_pair() -> int	Create a Unix socket pair (returns first fd)
unix_socket_pair_peer	unix_socket_pair_peer() -> int	Get the peer fd of the last socket pair
unix_write	unix_write(fd: int, data: string) -> int	Write to a Unix socket
unix_read	unix_read(fd: int, max: int) -> string	Read from a Unix socket
unix_close	unix_close(fd: int) -> int	Close a Unix socket

---

37. TLS

Function	Signature	Description
tls_hs_reset	tls_hs_reset() -> int	Reset the TLS handshake state machine
tls_hs_state	tls_hs_state() -> int	Get the current TLS handshake state
tls_hs_advance	tls_hs_advance(msg: string) -> int	Advance the handshake with a message
tls_hs_is_app	tls_hs_is_app() -> int	Check if handshake is complete (app data ready)
tls_serve	tls_serve(port: int, cert: string, key: string, handler: string) -> int	Start a TLS server
tls_serve_once	tls_serve_once(port: int, cert: string, key: string, response: string) -> int	Serve one TLS request
tls_serve_n	tls_serve_n(port: int, cert: string, key: string, response: string, n: int) -> int	Serve n TLS requests
tls_listen_stub	tls_listen_stub(port: int) -> int	Stub TLS listener
tls_get_insecure	tls_get_insecure(host: string, port: int, path: string) -> string	TLS GET without certificate verification
tls_get	tls_get(host: string, port: int, path: string, ca: string) -> string	TLS GET with CA certificate
tls_post	tls_post(host: string, port: int, path: string, ca: string, body: string) -> string	TLS POST with CA certificate
tls_handshake_ok	tls_handshake_ok(host: string, port: int, ca: string) -> string	Test TLS handshake
tls_handshake_version	tls_handshake_version(host: string, port: int, ca: string) -> string	Get negotiated TLS version

TLS Crypto Primitives

Function	Signature	Description
tls_aead_seal	tls_aead_seal(key: string, nonce: string, plaintext: string, aad: string) -> string	AEAD encrypt
tls_aead_open	tls_aead_open(key: string, nonce: string, ciphertext: string, aad: string) -> string	AEAD decrypt
tls_record_type	tls_record_type(record: string) -> int	Get TLS record type
tls_record_version	tls_record_version(record: string) -> int	Get TLS record version
tls_record_len	tls_record_len(record: string) -> int	Get TLS record length
tls_record_appdata_seal	tls_record_appdata_seal(key: string, iv: string, plaintext: string) -> string	Seal app data record
tls_record_appdata_open	tls_record_appdata_open(key: string, iv: string, ciphertext: string) -> string	Open app data record
tls_record_seq_reset	tls_record_seq_reset() -> int	Reset sequence numbers
tls_record_write_seq	tls_record_write_seq() -> int	Get write sequence number
tls_record_read_seq	tls_record_read_seq() -> int	Get read sequence number
tls_record_appdata_seal_seq	tls_record_appdata_seal_seq(key: string, iv: string, plaintext: string) -> string	Seal with auto-incrementing sequence
tls_record_appdata_open_seq	tls_record_appdata_open_seq(key: string, iv: string, ciphertext: string) -> string	Open with auto-incrementing sequence

TLS 1.3 Handshake Messages

Function	Signature	Description
tls_client_hello	tls_client_hello(random: string) -> string	Build a ClientHello message
tls_client_hello_legacy_version	tls_client_hello_legacy_version(ch: string) -> int	Parse legacy version from ClientHello
tls_client_hello_random	tls_client_hello_random(ch: string) -> string	Extract random from ClientHello
tls_client_hello_has_aes128_gcm	tls_client_hello_has_aes128_gcm(ch: string) -> int	Check for AES-128-GCM cipher suite
tls_server_hello	tls_server_hello(random: string) -> string	Build a ServerHello message
tls_server_hello_random	tls_server_hello_random(sh: string) -> string	Extract random from ServerHello
tls_certificate	tls_certificate(cert: string) -> string	Build a Certificate message
tls_certificate_der	tls_certificate_der(msg: string) -> string	Extract DER from Certificate message
tls_certificate_verify	tls_certificate_verify(scheme: int, sig: string) -> string	Build a CertificateVerify message
tls_certificate_verify_scheme	tls_certificate_verify_scheme(msg: string) -> int	Get signature scheme
tls_certificate_verify_sig	tls_certificate_verify_sig(msg: string) -> string	Get signature bytes
tls_encrypted_extensions	tls_encrypted_extensions() -> string	Build an EncryptedExtensions message
tls_finished	tls_finished(verify_data: string) -> string	Build a Finished message
tls_hs_msg_type	tls_hs_msg_type(msg: string) -> int	Get handshake message type
tls_finished_verify_data	tls_finished_verify_data(secret: string, transcript: string) -> string	Compute verify data
tls_finished_verify_data_hex	tls_finished_verify_data_hex(secret: string, transcript: string) -> string	Compute verify data as hex

TLS Key Derivation

Function	Signature	Description
tls_derive_secret	tls_derive_secret(secret: string, label: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive a TLS 1.3 secret
tls_derive_secret_hex	tls_derive_secret_hex(secret: string, label: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive secret as hex
tls_client_handshake_traffic_secret	tls_client_handshake_traffic_secret(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive client handshake traffic secret
tls_server_handshake_traffic_secret	tls_server_handshake_traffic_secret(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive server handshake traffic secret
tls_client_handshake_traffic_secret_hex	tls_client_handshake_traffic_secret_hex(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive client handshake secret as hex
tls_server_handshake_traffic_secret_hex	tls_server_handshake_traffic_secret_hex(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive server handshake secret as hex
tls_client_application_traffic_secret	tls_client_application_traffic_secret(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive client app traffic secret
tls_server_application_traffic_secret	tls_server_application_traffic_secret(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive server app traffic secret
tls_client_application_traffic_secret_hex	tls_client_application_traffic_secret_hex(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive client app secret as hex
tls_server_application_traffic_secret_hex	tls_server_application_traffic_secret_hex(shared: string, hash: string) -> string	Derive server app secret as hex

TLS Transcript

Function	Signature	Description
tls_transcript_reset	tls_transcript_reset() -> int	Reset transcript hash
tls_transcript_append	tls_transcript_append(msg: string) -> int	Append a message to transcript
tls_transcript_len	tls_transcript_len() -> int	Get transcript length
tls_transcript_finished_hex	tls_transcript_finished_hex(secret: string) -> string	Compute finished verify data from transcript

TLS Handshake Session

Function	Signature	Description
tls_hs_session_reset	tls_hs_session_reset() -> int	Reset handshake session
tls_hs_session_feed	tls_hs_session_feed(data: string) -> int	Feed data to handshake session
tls_hs_session_client_hello	tls_hs_session_client_hello(random: string) -> int	Process ClientHello
tls_hs_session_server_hello	tls_hs_session_server_hello(random: string) -> int	Process ServerHello
tls_hs_session_finished_hex	tls_hs_session_finished_hex(secret: string) -> string	Compute finished data for session
tls_hs_session_encrypted_extensions	tls_hs_session_encrypted_extensions() -> int	Process EncryptedExtensions
tls_hs_session_certificate	tls_hs_session_certificate(cert: string) -> int	Process Certificate
tls_hs_session_certificate_verify	tls_hs_session_certificate_verify(scheme: int, sig: string) -> int	Process CertificateVerify
tls_hs_session_finished	tls_hs_session_finished(verify: string, secret: string) -> int	Process Finished

---

38. HTTP/2

Frame Construction

Function	Signature	Description
http2_detect	http2_detect(data: string) -> bool	Detect HTTP/2 preface
http2_headers_frame	http2_headers_frame(stream: int, block: string, flags: int) -> string	Build a HEADERS frame
http2_data_frame	http2_data_frame(stream: int, payload: string, flags: int) -> string	Build a DATA frame
http2_continuation_frame	http2_continuation_frame(stream: int, block: string, flags: int) -> string	Build a CONTINUATION frame
http2_goaway_frame	http2_goaway_frame(last_stream: int, error_code: int) -> string	Build a GOAWAY frame
http2_ping_frame	http2_ping_frame(data: string, ack: int) -> string	Build a PING frame
http2_window_update_frame	http2_window_update_frame(stream: int, increment: int) -> string	Build a WINDOW_UPDATE frame
http2_rst_stream_frame	http2_rst_stream_frame(stream: int, error_code: int) -> string	Build a RST_STREAM frame
http2_priority_frame	http2_priority_frame(stream: int, dep: int, weight: int, exclusive: int) -> string	Build a PRIORITY frame
http2_push_promise_frame	http2_push_promise_frame(stream: int, promised: int, block: string, flags: int) -> string	Build a PUSH_PROMISE frame

Frame Parsing

Function	Signature	Description
http2_frame_type	http2_frame_type(frame: string) -> int	Get frame type
http2_frame_stream	http2_frame_stream(frame: string) -> int	Get frame stream ID
http2_frame_len	http2_frame_len(frame: string) -> int	Get frame payload length
http2_frame_flags	http2_frame_flags(frame: string) -> int	Get frame flags
http2_frame_payload	http2_frame_payload(frame: string) -> string	Extract frame payload
http2_frame_at	http2_frame_at(data: string, idx: int) -> string	Get the i-th frame from a buffer
http2_concat_frames	http2_concat_frames(a: string, b: string) -> string	Concatenate two frames
http2_header_block	http2_header_block(frame: string, flags: int) -> string	Extract header block from frame
http2_is_goaway	http2_is_goaway(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is GOAWAY
http2_is_ping	http2_is_ping(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is PING
http2_is_window_update	http2_is_window_update(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is WINDOW_UPDATE
http2_is_rst_stream	http2_is_rst_stream(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is RST_STREAM
http2_is_priority	http2_is_priority(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is PRIORITY
http2_is_push_promise	http2_is_push_promise(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is PUSH_PROMISE
http2_is_settings_ack	http2_is_settings_ack(frame: string) -> bool	Check if frame is a SETTINGS ACK
http2_goaway_last_stream	http2_goaway_last_stream(frame: string) -> int	Get last stream ID from GOAWAY
http2_goaway_error	http2_goaway_error(frame: string) -> int	Get error code from GOAWAY
http2_window_update_increment	http2_window_update_increment(frame: string) -> int	Get increment from WINDOW_UPDATE
http2_rst_stream_error	http2_rst_stream_error(frame: string) -> int	Get error code from RST_STREAM
http2_push_promise_stream	http2_push_promise_stream(frame: string) -> int	Get promised stream from PUSH_PROMISE

Settings & Connection

Function	Signature	Description
http2_settings_len	http2_settings_len(frame: string) -> int	Get length of settings frame
http2_empty_settings	http2_empty_settings() -> string	Build an empty SETTINGS frame
http2_settings_max_concurrent	http2_settings_max_concurrent(max: int) -> string	Build SETTINGS with max concurrent streams
http2_settings_ack	http2_settings_ack() -> string	Build a SETTINGS ACK frame
http2_client_preface	http2_client_preface() -> string	Get the HTTP/2 client connection preface
http2_server_preface	http2_server_preface() -> string	Get the HTTP/2 server connection preface

Connection State Machine

Function	Signature	Description
http2_conn_reset	http2_conn_reset() -> int	Reset connection state
http2_conn_recv	http2_conn_recv(data: string) -> int	Process received data
http2_conn_send_settings	http2_conn_send_settings() -> int	Send SETTINGS frame
http2_conn_send_settings_ack	http2_conn_send_settings_ack() -> int	Send SETTINGS ACK
http2_conn_settings_ack_needed	http2_conn_settings_ack_needed() -> int	Check if SETTINGS ACK is needed
http2_conn_auto_settings_ack	http2_conn_auto_settings_ack() -> string	Auto-generate SETTINGS ACK if needed
http2_conn_pump	http2_conn_pump(data: string) -> string	Process data and generate response
http2_conn_goaway_last	http2_conn_goaway_last() -> int	Get last stream from received GOAWAY
http2_conn_max_concurrent	http2_conn_max_concurrent() -> int	Get max concurrent streams
http2_conn_active_streams	http2_conn_active_streams() -> int	Get count of active streams
http2_conn_set_server	http2_conn_set_server(is_server: int) -> int	Set connection role
http2_conn_is_server	http2_conn_is_server() -> int	Check if connection is server
http2_conn_preface_received	http2_conn_preface_received() -> int	Check if preface was received
http2_conn_settings_exchanged	http2_conn_settings_exchanged() -> int	Check if settings exchange is complete
http2_conn_closing	http2_conn_closing() -> int	Check if connection is closing
http2_conn_header_block	http2_conn_header_block(stream: int) -> string	Get header block for a stream
http2_conn_header_stream	http2_conn_header_stream() -> int	Get the stream with pending headers
http2_conn_header_assembling	http2_conn_header_assembling() -> int	Check if headers are being assembled
http2_conn_send_goaway	http2_conn_send_goaway() -> int	Send GOAWAY frame

Flow Control

Function	Signature	Description
http2_window_of	http2_window_of(stream: int) -> int	Get window size for a stream
http2_window_conn	http2_window_conn() -> int	Get connection-level window size
http2_window_blocked	http2_window_blocked(stream: int) -> int	Check if stream is flow-control blocked
http2_window_consume	http2_window_consume(stream: int, amount: int) -> int	Consume window for a stream
http2_window_increment	http2_window_increment(stream: int, amount: int) -> int	Increment window for a stream

Stream State

Function	Signature	Description
http2_stream_reset	http2_stream_reset() -> int	Reset stream state
http2_stream_id	http2_stream_id() -> int	Get current stream ID
http2_stream_state	http2_stream_state() -> int	Get current stream state
http2_stream_state_of	http2_stream_state_of(stream: int) -> int	Get state of a specific stream
http2_stream_apply	http2_stream_apply(frame: string) -> int	Apply a frame to stream state
http2_stream_apply_local	http2_stream_apply_local(frame: string) -> int	Apply a locally-sent frame
http2_stream_half_closed_remote	http2_stream_half_closed_remote(stream: int) -> int	Check if remote half is closed
http2_stream_half_closed_local	http2_stream_half_closed_local(stream: int) -> int	Check if local half is closed

Priority

Function	Signature	Description
http2_priority_dep	http2_priority_dep(frame: string) -> int	Get dependency stream from PRIORITY
http2_priority_weight	http2_priority_weight(frame: string) -> int	Get weight from PRIORITY
http2_priority_exclusive	http2_priority_exclusive(frame: string) -> int	Get exclusive flag from PRIORITY
http2_priority_apply	http2_priority_apply(frame: string) -> int	Apply priority to the tree
http2_stream_priority_dep	http2_stream_priority_dep(stream: int) -> int	Get dependency of a stream
http2_stream_priority_weight	http2_stream_priority_weight(stream: int) -> int	Get weight of a stream
http2_stream_priority_exclusive	http2_stream_priority_exclusive(stream: int) -> int	Get exclusive flag of a stream
http2_stream_priority_child_count	http2_stream_priority_child_count(stream: int) -> int	Get number of child streams
http2_schedule_next	http2_schedule_next() -> int	Schedule next stream for sending

TLS + HTTP/2

Function	Signature	Description
tls_serve_once_h2	tls_serve_once_h2(port: int, cert: string, key: string, response: string) -> int	Serve one TLS+HTTP/2 request
tls_h2_settings_exchange	tls_h2_settings_exchange(host: string, port: int, ca: string) -> string	Perform H2 settings exchange over TLS
tls_h2_get	tls_h2_get(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string) -> string	HTTP/2 GET over TLS
tls_h2_post	tls_h2_post(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string, body: string) -> string	HTTP/2 POST over TLS
tls_h2_get_twice	tls_h2_get_twice(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string) -> string	Two multiplexed HTTP/2 GETs over TLS
tls_h2_mux	tls_h2_mux(host: string, port: int, ca: string) -> string	HTTP/2 multiplexing test over TLS
tls_serve_h2_wu	tls_serve_h2_wu(port: int, cert: string, key: string, response: string, window: int) -> int	Serve H2 with window update
tls_h2_window_get	tls_h2_window_get(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string) -> string	H2 GET with flow control
tls_serve_h2_n	tls_serve_h2_n(port: int, cert: string, key: string, response: string, n: int) -> int	Serve n HTTP/2 requests over TLS
tls_serve_h2_routes	tls_serve_h2_routes(port: int, cert: string, key: string, routes: string, responses: string, n: int) -> int	Serve HTTP/2 with multiple routes

---

39. HPACK (HTTP/2 Header Compression)

Function	Signature	Description
hpack_encode_indexed	hpack_encode_indexed(idx: int) -> string	Encode an indexed header
hpack_decode_indexed	hpack_decode_indexed(data: string) -> int	Decode an indexed header
hpack_static_name	hpack_static_name(idx: int) -> string	Get name from static table
hpack_static_value	hpack_static_value(idx: int) -> string	Get value from static table
hpack_encode_literal	hpack_encode_literal(name: string, value: string) -> string	Encode a literal header
hpack_literal_name	hpack_literal_name(data: string) -> string	Decode literal header name
hpack_literal_value	hpack_literal_value(data: string) -> string	Decode literal header value
hpack_decode_stub	hpack_decode_stub(data: string) -> int	Stub HPACK decoder
hpack_decode_block	hpack_decode_block(block: string) -> int	Decode a complete header block
hpack_decoded_count	hpack_decoded_count() -> int	Number of decoded headers
hpack_decoded_name	hpack_decoded_name(idx: int) -> string	Get decoded header name
hpack_decoded_value	hpack_decoded_value(idx: int) -> string	Get decoded header value
hpack_decode_clear	hpack_decode_clear() -> int	Clear decoded headers
hpack_dyn_insert	hpack_dyn_insert(name: string, value: string) -> int	Insert into dynamic table
hpack_dyn_name	hpack_dyn_name() -> string	Get last inserted dynamic name
hpack_dyn_value	hpack_dyn_value() -> string	Get last inserted dynamic value
hpack_dyn_clear	hpack_dyn_clear() -> int	Clear dynamic table
hpack_dyn_len	hpack_dyn_len() -> int	Get dynamic table size
hpack_dyn_name_at	hpack_dyn_name_at(idx: int) -> string	Get name at dynamic table index
hpack_dyn_value_at	hpack_dyn_value_at(idx: int) -> string	Get value at dynamic table index
hpack_huffman_encode	hpack_huffman_encode(data: string) -> string	Huffman-encode a string
hpack_huffman_decode	hpack_huffman_decode(data: string) -> string	Huffman-decode a string

---

40. QUIC

Packet Parsing

Function	Signature	Description
quic_detect	quic_detect(data: string) -> bool	Detect a QUIC packet
quic_long_header	quic_long_header(data: string) -> bool	Check for long header
quic_short_header	quic_short_header(data: string) -> bool	Check for short header
quic_version	quic_version(pkt: string) -> int	Get QUIC version
quic_dcid_len	quic_dcid_len(pkt: string) -> int	Get destination connection ID length
quic_dcid	quic_dcid(pkt: string) -> string	Get destination connection ID
quic_scid_len	quic_scid_len(pkt: string) -> int	Get source connection ID length
quic_scid	quic_scid(pkt: string) -> string	Get source connection ID
quic_payload_offset	quic_payload_offset(pkt: string) -> int	Get offset of payload data
quic_spin_bit	quic_spin_bit(pkt: string) -> int	Get the spin bit
quic_key_phase	quic_key_phase(pkt: string) -> int	Get the key phase bit
quic_long_type	quic_long_type(pkt: string) -> int	Get long header packet type
quic_is_retry	quic_is_retry(pkt: string) -> bool	Check if packet is a Retry
quic_is_version_negotiation	quic_is_version_negotiation(pkt: string) -> bool	Check if packet is Version Negotiation
quic_vn_version_count	quic_vn_version_count(pkt: string) -> int	Count offered versions
quic_vn_version_at	quic_vn_version_at(pkt: string, idx: int) -> int	Get a specific offered version
quic_vn_select	quic_vn_select(pkt: string, preferred: int) -> int	Select a preferred version
quic_stub	quic_stub(port: int) -> int	Stub QUIC endpoint

QUIC Crypto Frames

Function	Signature	Description
quic_has_crypto	quic_has_crypto(pkt: string) -> bool	Check if packet has CRYPTO frame
quic_crypto_offset	quic_crypto_offset(pkt: string) -> int	Get CRYPTO frame offset
quic_crypto_data_offset	quic_crypto_data_offset(pkt: string) -> int	Get CRYPTO data offset
quic_crypto_data_len	quic_crypto_data_len(pkt: string) -> int	Get CRYPTO data length
quic_crypto_data	quic_crypto_data(pkt: string) -> string	Extract CRYPTO data
quic_crypto_frame	quic_crypto_frame(data: string, offset: int) -> string	Build a CRYPTO frame
quic_crypto_payload	quic_crypto_payload(data: string, offset: int, length: int) -> string	Extract CRYPTO payload
quic_payload_crypto_data	quic_payload_crypto_data(payload: string) -> string	Extract CRYPTO data from payload
quic_payload_crypto_data_len	quic_payload_crypto_data_len(payload: string) -> int	Get CRYPTO data length from payload

QUIC ACK & Stream Frames

Function	Signature	Description
quic_ack_frame	quic_ack_frame(largest: int, delay: int, first_range: int) -> string	Build an ACK frame
quic_ack_largest	quic_ack_largest(frame: string) -> int	Get largest acknowledged packet
quic_ack_delay	quic_ack_delay(frame: string) -> int	Get ACK delay
quic_ack_range_count	quic_ack_range_count(frame: string) -> int	Get ACK range count
quic_ack_first_range	quic_ack_first_range(frame: string) -> int	Get first ACK range
quic_ack_smallest	quic_ack_smallest(frame: string) -> int	Get smallest acknowledged packet
quic_is_ack	quic_is_ack(frame: string) -> int	Check if frame is ACK
quic_stream_frame	quic_stream_frame(id: int, offset: int, data: string, fin: int) -> string	Build a STREAM frame
quic_is_stream	quic_is_stream(frame: string) -> int	Check if frame is STREAM
quic_stream_fin	quic_stream_fin(frame: string) -> int	Check FIN flag
quic_stream_id_of	quic_stream_id_of(frame: string) -> int	Get stream ID
quic_stream_offset	quic_stream_offset(frame: string) -> int	Get stream offset
quic_stream_data_len	quic_stream_data_len(frame: string) -> int	Get stream data length
quic_stream_data	quic_stream_data(frame: string) -> string	Get stream data

QUIC Initial Protection

Function	Signature	Description
quic_hkdf_expand_label	quic_hkdf_expand_label(secret: string, label: string, length: int) -> string	HKDF-Expand-Label
quic_hkdf_expand_label_hex	quic_hkdf_expand_label_hex(secret: string, label: string, length: int) -> string	HKDF-Expand-Label as hex
quic_initial_client_secret	quic_initial_client_secret(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial secret
quic_initial_client_secret_hex	quic_initial_client_secret_hex(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial secret as hex
quic_initial_client_key	quic_initial_client_key(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial key
quic_initial_client_iv	quic_initial_client_iv(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial IV
quic_initial_client_key_hex	quic_initial_client_key_hex(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial key as hex
quic_initial_client_iv_hex	quic_initial_client_iv_hex(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client initial IV as hex
quic_initial_client_hp	quic_initial_client_hp(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client header protection key
quic_initial_client_hp_hex	quic_initial_client_hp_hex(dcid: string) -> string	Derive client HP key as hex
quic_initial_protect	quic_initial_protect(pkt: string, pn_len: int, key: string, iv: string) -> string	Apply initial protection
quic_initial_unprotect	quic_initial_unprotect(pkt: string, pn_len: int, key: string, iv: string) -> string	Remove initial protection
quic_header_protection_mask	quic_header_protection_mask(hp_key: string, sample: string) -> string	Compute HP mask
quic_header_protection_mask_hex	quic_header_protection_mask_hex(hp_key: string, sample: string) -> string	Compute HP mask as hex
quic_initial_hp_mask	quic_initial_hp_mask(hp_key: string, sample: string) -> string	Compute initial HP mask
quic_initial_hp_mask_hex	quic_initial_hp_mask_hex(hp_key: string, sample: string) -> string	Compute initial HP mask as hex
quic_header_protect_apply	quic_header_protect_apply(header: string, pn_offset: int, mask: string) -> string	Apply header protection
quic_header_protect_remove	quic_header_protect_remove(header: string, pn_offset: int, mask: string) -> string	Remove header protection
quic_initial_packet_protect	quic_initial_packet_protect(pkt: string, pn_offset: int, key: string, pn: int, hp_key: string) -> string	Full packet protection
quic_initial_packet_unprotect	quic_initial_packet_unprotect(pkt: string, key: string, pn_offset: int, pn_len: int) -> string	Full packet unprotection

QUIC Libraries

Function	Signature	Description
quiche_available	quiche_available() -> int	Check if quiche is available
quiche_version	quiche_version() -> string	Get quiche version
quiche_handshake	quiche_handshake(host: string, port: int, ca: string, timeout: int) -> string	Perform QUIC handshake via quiche
quiche_h3_get	quiche_h3_get(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string, timeout: int) -> string	HTTP/3 GET via quiche
quiche_h3_post	quiche_h3_post(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string, body: string, timeout: int) -> string	HTTP/3 POST via quiche
quiche_h3_get_two	quiche_h3_get_two(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path1: string, path2: string, timeout: int) -> string	Two multiplexed HTTP/3 GETs
quiche_start_server	quiche_start_server(port: int, cert: string, key: string, ca: string, response: string) -> int	Start a QUIC server
quiche_stop_server	quiche_stop_server(handle: int) -> int	Stop a QUIC server
nghttp2_available	nghttp2_available() -> int	Check if nghttp2 is available
nghttp2_get	nghttp2_get(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string) -> string	HTTP/2 GET via nghttp2
nghttp2_post	nghttp2_post(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path: string, body: string) -> string	HTTP/2 POST via nghttp2
nghttp2_get_two	nghttp2_get_two(host: string, port: int, ca: string, path1: string, path2: string) -> string	Two multiplexed HTTP/2 GETs via nghttp2

---

41. Protobuf

Function	Signature	Description
pb_encode_varint	pb_encode_varint(val: int) -> string	Encode a varint
pb_decode_varint	pb_decode_varint(data: string) -> int	Decode a varint
pb_varint_len	pb_varint_len(data: string) -> int	Get encoded varint length
pb_encode_key	pb_encode_key(field: int, wire_type: int) -> string	Encode a field key
pb_key_field	pb_key_field(data: string) -> int	Get field number from key
pb_key_wire	pb_key_wire(data: string) -> int	Get wire type from key
pb_zigzag_encode	pb_zigzag_encode(val: int) -> int	ZigZag encode a signed integer
pb_zigzag_decode	pb_zigzag_decode(val: int) -> int	ZigZag decode to signed integer
pb_encode_sint	pb_encode_sint(val: int) -> string	Encode a signed integer
pb_decode_sint	pb_decode_sint(data: string) -> int	Decode a signed integer
pb_encode_bytes	pb_encode_bytes(data: string) -> string	Encode length-delimited bytes
pb_bytes_len	pb_bytes_len(data: string) -> int	Get length of encoded bytes
pb_encode_field_varint	pb_encode_field_varint(field: int, val: int) -> string	Encode a complete varint field
pb_encode_simple	pb_encode_simple(name: string, id: int) -> string	Encode a simple message
pb_simple_name	pb_simple_name(data: string) -> string	Get name from simple message
pb_simple_id	pb_simple_id(data: string) -> int	Get ID from simple message
pb_encode_nested	pb_encode_nested(name: string, id: int, inner: string, inner_id: int) -> string	Encode a nested message
pb_nested_inner	pb_nested_inner(data: string) -> string	Extract inner message
pb_encode_repeated_varint	pb_encode_repeated_varint(field: int, val1: int, val2: int) -> string	Encode repeated varint field
pb_repeated_count	pb_repeated_count(data: string, field: int) -> int	Count repeated field occurrences
pb_repeated_at	pb_repeated_at(data: string, field: int, idx: int) -> int	Get repeated field value at index

---

42. WebSocket

Function	Signature	Description
ws_accept_key	ws_accept_key(client_key: string) -> string	Compute WebSocket accept key
ws_upgrade_request_ok	ws_upgrade_request_ok(request: string) -> int	Validate a WebSocket upgrade request
ws_client_request	ws_client_request(host: string, path: string, key: string) -> string	Build a WebSocket upgrade request
ws_client_accept_ok	ws_client_accept_ok(response: string, key: string) -> int	Validate upgrade response
ws_accept	ws_accept(conn: int) -> int	Accept a WebSocket connection
ws_recv	ws_recv(conn: int, max_bytes: int) -> string	Receive a WebSocket message
ws_last_opcode	ws_last_opcode() -> int	Get the opcode of the last received frame
ws_send_text	ws_send_text(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Send a text frame
ws_send_binary	ws_send_binary(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Send a binary frame
ws_send_ping	ws_send_ping(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Send a ping frame
ws_send_close	ws_send_close(conn: int, code: int, reason: string) -> int	Send a close frame
ws_close	ws_close(conn: int) -> int	Close a WebSocket connection
ws_echo_stub	ws_echo_stub(conn: int) -> int	WebSocket echo stub
ws_echo_once	ws_echo_once(conn: int) -> int	Echo one WebSocket message
ws_echo	ws_echo(conn: int) -> int	Echo WebSocket messages in a loop
ws_client_connect	ws_client_connect(host: string, port: int, path: string, key: string) -> int	Connect to a WebSocket server
ws_client_send_text	ws_client_send_text(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Client: send text frame
ws_client_send_binary	ws_client_send_binary(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Client: send binary frame
ws_client_send_ping	ws_client_send_ping(conn: int, data: string) -> int	Client: send ping frame

---

43. gRPC

Function	Signature	Description
grpc_encode_message	grpc_encode_message(payload: string) -> string	Encode a gRPC message with length prefix
grpc_message_len	grpc_message_len(msg: string) -> int	Get gRPC message length
grpc_message_within_limit	grpc_message_within_limit(msg: string, limit: int) -> int	Check if message is within size limit
grpc_default_max_message	grpc_default_max_message() -> int	Get default max message size
grpc_message_payload	grpc_message_payload(msg: string) -> string	Extract gRPC message payload
grpc_unary_request	grpc_unary_request(method: string, id: int) -> string	Build a unary gRPC request
grpc_unary_name	grpc_unary_name(req: string) -> string	Get method name from unary request
grpc_unary_id	grpc_unary_id(req: string) -> int	Get ID from unary request
grpc_content_type	grpc_content_type() -> string	Get the gRPC content type string
grpc_status_trailer	grpc_status_trailer(code: int) -> string	Build a gRPC status trailer
grpc_status_code	grpc_status_code(trailer: string) -> int	Parse gRPC status code
grpc_http2_unary	grpc_http2_unary(stream: int, method: string, id: int) -> string	Build gRPC unary over HTTP/2
grpc_http2_unary_payload	grpc_http2_unary_payload(frames: string) -> string	Extract payload from gRPC/H2 frames
grpc_http2_unary_response	grpc_http2_unary_response(stream: int, payload: string, status: int) -> string	Build gRPC unary response over HTTP/2
grpc_http2_unary_response_status	grpc_http2_unary_response_status(stream: int, payload: string, status: int, grpc_status: int) -> string	Build gRPC response with status
grpc_http2_response_payload	grpc_http2_response_payload(frames: string) -> string	Extract payload from gRPC/H2 response
grpc_http2_response_status	grpc_http2_response_status(frames: string) -> int	Get gRPC status from response
grpc_http2_stream_data	grpc_http2_stream_data(stream: int, payload: string, id: int, fin: int) -> string	Build gRPC stream data
grpc_http2_stream_two	grpc_http2_stream_two(stream: int, payload1: string, id1: int, payload2: string, id2: int) -> string	Build two gRPC stream messages
grpc_http2_stream_data_count	grpc_http2_stream_data_count(frames: string, stream: int) -> int	Count gRPC stream data frames
grpc_http2_client_stream_flow	grpc_http2_client_stream_flow(stream: int, p1: string, id1: int, p2: string, id2: int, p3: string, id3: int, window: int) -> string	Build gRPC client stream with flow control
grpc_stub_ping	grpc_stub_ping() -> int	gRPC stub ping

TLS + gRPC

Function	Signature	Description
tls_serve_grpc_once	tls_serve_grpc_once(port: int, cert: string, key: string) -> int	Serve one gRPC request over TLS
tls_grpc_unary	tls_grpc_unary(host: string, port: int, ca: string, method: string, id: int, payload: string) -> string	gRPC unary call over TLS
tls_serve_grpc_stream	tls_serve_grpc_stream(port: int, cert: string, key: string) -> int	Serve gRPC stream over TLS
tls_grpc_stream	tls_grpc_stream(host: string, port: int, ca: string, method: string, id: int, p1: string, count: int, p2: string) -> string	gRPC streaming call over TLS

---

44. SMTP

Function	Signature	Description
smtp_format_message	smtp_format_message(from: string, to: string, subject: string, body: string) -> string	Format an email message
smtp_send_soft	smtp_send_soft(host: string, port: int, message: string) -> int	Send email without auth
smtp_send_dialog	smtp_send_dialog(host: string, port: int, from: string, to: string, message: string) -> int	Send email with SMTP dialog
smtp_auth_plain	smtp_auth_plain(user: string, pass: string) -> string	Create PLAIN auth string
smtp_send_auth	smtp_send_auth(host: string, port: int, from: string, to: string, message: string, user: string, pass: string) -> int	Send email with authentication
smtp_starttls_available	smtp_starttls_available() -> int	Check if STARTTLS is available
smtp_send_starttls	smtp_send_starttls(host: string, port: int, from: string, to: string, message: string, user: string, pass: string) -> int	Send email with STARTTLS
mail_parse_address	mail_parse_address(addr: string) -> string	Parse an email address
mail_header_get	mail_header_get(headers: string, name: string) -> string	Get a mail header value
mail_address_ok	mail_address_ok(addr: string) -> int	Validate an email address

---

45. Logging

Function	Signature	Description
log_debug	log_debug(msg: string) -> void	Log a debug message
log_info	log_info(msg: string) -> void	Log an info message
log_warn	log_warn(msg: string) -> void	Log a warning message
log_error	log_error(msg: string) -> void	Log an error message
log_kv	log_kv(level: string, key: string, value: string) -> void	Log a key-value message
slog_set_level	slog_set_level(level: string) -> void	Set structured log level
slog_debug	slog_debug(msg: string) -> void	Structured debug log
slog_info	slog_info(msg: string) -> void	Structured info log
slog_warn	slog_warn(msg: string) -> void	Structured warning log
slog_error	slog_error(msg: string) -> void	Structured error log
slog_with	slog_with(level: string, msg: string, key: string, value: string) -> void	Structured log with key-value
slog_redact	slog_redact(value: string) -> string	Redact sensitive data for logging
slog_with_redacted	slog_with_redacted(level: string, key: string, value: string) -> void	Log with auto-redacted value

---

46. Metrics

Function	Signature	Description
metric_inc	metric_inc(id: int) -> void	Increment a counter metric
metric_add	metric_add(id: int, val: int) -> void	Add to a counter metric
metric_get	metric_get(id: int) -> int	Get a counter metric value
gauge_set	gauge_set(id: int, val: int) -> void	Set a gauge value
gauge_add	gauge_add(id: int, val: int) -> void	Add to a gauge
gauge_get	gauge_get(id: int) -> int	Get a gauge value
hist_observe	hist_observe(id: int, val: int) -> void	Record a histogram observation
hist_count	hist_count(id: int) -> int	Get histogram observation count
hist_sum	hist_sum(id: int) -> int	Get histogram sum
hist_avg	hist_avg(id: int) -> int	Get histogram average
metrics_export	metrics_export() -> string	Export all metrics as text

---

47. Validation

Function	Signature	Description
validate_required	validate_required(val: string) -> int	Check that a value is non-empty
validate_min_len	validate_min_len(val: string, min: int) -> int	Check minimum string length
validate_max_len	validate_max_len(val: string, max: int) -> int	Check maximum string length
validate_int_range	validate_int_range(val: int, min: int, max: int) -> int	Check integer is in range
validate_email	validate_email(val: string) -> int	Validate email format

---

48. Caching & Scheduling

Function	Signature	Description
cache_put	cache_put(key: string, val: string, ttl_ms: int) -> int	Store a value in cache with TTL
cache_get	cache_get(key: string) -> string	Get a cached value
cache_has	cache_has(key: string) -> int	Check if a cache key exists
job_schedule	job_schedule(name: string, delay_ms: int) -> int	Schedule a job
job_due	job_due(name: string) -> int	Check if a job is due
job_delay_ms	job_delay_ms(name: string) -> int	Get remaining delay for a job
job_cancel	job_cancel(name: string) -> int	Cancel a scheduled job
conn_pool_slot	conn_pool_slot(key: string, max: int) -> int	Get a connection pool slot
conn_pool_next	conn_pool_next(pool_size: int) -> int	Get next available pool slot
lb_pick2	lb_pick2(key: string, a: string, b: string) -> string	Pick from two load-balance targets
lb_pick3	lb_pick3(key: string, a: string, b: string, c: string) -> string	Pick from three load-balance targets

---

49. Data Structures

Ring Buffer

Function	Signature	Description
ring_new	ring_new(capacity: int) -> int	Create a ring buffer
ring_push	ring_push(ring: int, val: int) -> int	Push a value
ring_pop	ring_pop(ring: int) -> int	Pop a value
ring_peek	ring_peek(ring: int) -> int	Peek at the front value
ring_len	ring_len(ring: int) -> int	Get current length
ring_cap	ring_cap(ring: int) -> int	Get capacity

Lock-Free Queue

Function	Signature	Description
lfq_new	lfq_new(capacity: int) -> int	Create a lock-free queue
lfq_try_push	lfq_try_push(q: int, val: int) -> int	Try to push a value
lfq_try_pop	lfq_try_pop(q: int) -> int	Try to pop a value
lfq_len	lfq_len(q: int) -> int	Get current length

Scatter-Gather

Function	Signature	Description
sg_gather2	sg_gather2(a: string, b: string) -> string	Gather two buffers
sg_gather3	sg_gather3(a: string, b: string, c: string) -> string	Gather three buffers
sg_slice	sg_slice(buf: string, start: int, end: int) -> string	Slice a gathered buffer

FSM (Finite State Machine)

Function	Signature	Description
fsm_rule	fsm_rule(state: string, event: string, next: string) -> string	Define a state transition rule
fsm_is	fsm_is(rules: string, state: string) -> int	Check current state
fsm_can	fsm_can(rules: string, state: string, event: string) -> int	Check if transition is possible
fsm_transition	fsm_transition(rules: string, state: string, event: string) -> string	Perform a state transition

Frame Allocator & Object Pool

Function	Signature	Description
frame_alloc_new	frame_alloc_new(size: int) -> int	Create a frame allocator
frame_alloc	frame_alloc(fa: int, bytes: int) -> int	Allocate from frame allocator
frame_reset	frame_reset(fa: int) -> int	Reset frame allocator
frame_used	frame_used(fa: int) -> int	Get used bytes
frame_cap	frame_cap(fa: int) -> int	Get capacity
obj_pool_new	obj_pool_new(count: int) -> int	Create an object pool
obj_acquire	obj_acquire(pool: int) -> int	Acquire an object
obj_release	obj_release(pool: int, id: int) -> int	Release an object
obj_available	obj_available(pool: int) -> int	Get available objects
obj_pool_cap	obj_pool_cap(pool: int) -> int	Get pool capacity

---

50. ECS (Entity Component System)

Function	Signature	Description
ecs_world_new	ecs_world_new(max_entities: int) -> int	Create a new ECS world
ecs_spawn	ecs_spawn(world: int) -> int	Spawn a new entity
ecs_alive	ecs_alive(world: int, entity: int) -> int	Check if an entity is alive
ecs_despawn	ecs_despawn(world: int, entity: int) -> int	Despawn an entity
ecs_add	ecs_add(world: int, entity: int, component: int, value: int) -> int	Add a component to an entity
ecs_set	ecs_set(world: int, entity: int, component: int, value: int) -> int	Set a component value
ecs_has	ecs_has(world: int, entity: int, component: int) -> int	Check if entity has component
ecs_get	ecs_get(world: int, entity: int, component: int) -> int	Get a component value
ecs_remove	ecs_remove(world: int, entity: int, component: int) -> int	Remove a component
ecs_query_count	ecs_query_count(world: int, mask: int) -> int	Count entities matching component mask
ecs_query_first	ecs_query_first(world: int, mask: int) -> int	Get first entity matching mask
ecs_archetype	ecs_archetype(world: int, entity: int) -> int	Get archetype of an entity
ecs_system_add	ecs_system_add(world: int, mask: int, callback: int) -> int	Register a system

---

51. Actors

Function	Signature	Description
actor_spawn	actor_spawn(mailbox_size: int) -> chan[int]	Spawn an actor with a mailbox
actor_send	actor_send(mailbox: chan[int], msg: int) -> bool	Send a message to an actor
actor_recv	actor_recv(mailbox: chan[int]) -> int	Receive a message from a mailbox
actor_stop	actor_stop(mailbox: chan[int]) -> void	Stop an actor

---

52. Bytes & UTF-8

Function	Signature	Description
as_bytes	as_bytes(s: string) -> []byte	Convert a string to a byte array
bytes_as_str	bytes_as_str(b: []byte) -> string	Convert a byte array to a string
bytes_is_view	bytes_is_view(b: []byte) -> int	Check if byte array is a view
bytes_view	bytes_view(s: string, start: int, end: int) -> []byte	Create a byte view into a string
simd_xor_bytes	simd_xor_bytes(b: []byte) -> int	XOR all bytes (SIMD-accelerated)
utf8_valid	utf8_valid(s: string) -> int	Check if string is valid UTF-8
utf8_rune_len	utf8_rune_len(codepoint: int) -> int	Get byte length of a rune

---

53. Buffered I/O

Function	Signature	Description
buf_reader_new	buf_reader_new(path: string) -> BufReader	Create a buffered reader from a file
buf_reader_from_string	buf_reader_from_string(data: string) -> BufReader	Create a buffered reader from a string
buf_read_line	buf_read_line(r: BufReader) -> string	Read the next line
buf_read	buf_read(r: BufReader, n: int) -> string	Read n bytes
buf_reader_close	buf_reader_close(r: BufReader) -> int	Close the reader
buf_writer_new	buf_writer_new(path: string) -> BufWriter	Create a buffered writer to a file
buf_write	buf_write(w: BufWriter, data: string) -> int	Write data to buffer
buf_write_byte	buf_write_byte(w: BufWriter, b: int) -> int	Write a single byte
buf_flush	buf_flush(w: BufWriter) -> int	Flush the buffer to disk
buf_writer_close	buf_writer_close(w: BufWriter) -> int	Close the writer

---

54. Async I/O

Function	Signature	Description
io_wait	io_wait(fd: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Wait for I/O readiness
io_poll2	io_poll2(fd1: int, fd2: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Poll two fds
io_poll3	io_poll3(fd1: int, fd2: int, fd3: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Poll three fds
io_poll4	io_poll4(fd1: int, fd2: int, fd3: int, fd4: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Poll four fds
io_kq_poll2	io_kq_poll2(fd1: int, fd2: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Kqueue-based poll of two fds
io_epoll_poll2	io_epoll_poll2(fd1: int, fd2: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Epoll-based poll of two fds
io_native_poll2	io_native_poll2(fd1: int, fd2: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Native poll of two fds
io_read_ready	io_read_ready(fd: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Check if fd is read-ready
io_write_ready	io_write_ready(fd: int, timeout_ms: int) -> int	Check if fd is write-ready
io_set_nonblocking	io_set_nonblocking(fd: int, nonblocking: int) -> int	Set fd blocking mode
io_try_write	io_try_write(fd: int, data: string) -> int	Non-blocking write attempt
io_backoff_ms	io_backoff_ms(attempt: int, base: int, max: int) -> int	Calculate I/O backoff delay
io_should_pause	io_should_pause(pending: int, threshold: int, timeout: int) -> int	Check if I/O should be paused

---

55. Signals

Function	Signature	Description
signal_notify	signal_notify(signum: int) -> int	Register for signal notification
signal_received	signal_received() -> int	Check if a signal was received

---

56. DNS & Networking

Function	Signature	Description
lookup_host	lookup_host(host: string) -> string	Look up the first IP for a hostname
dns_lookup_count	dns_lookup_count(host: string) -> int	Count DNS results
dns_lookup_all	dns_lookup_all(host: string) -> string	Get all DNS results
dns_lookup_ipv4	dns_lookup_ipv4(host: string) -> string	Look up IPv4 address
dns_lookup_ipv6	dns_lookup_ipv6(host: string) -> string	Look up IPv6 address
parse_ip_ok	parse_ip_ok(addr: string) -> int	Validate an IP address
dns_ip_family	dns_ip_family(addr: string) -> int	Get IP address family (4 or 6)
dns_is_loopback	dns_is_loopback(addr: string) -> int	Check if address is loopback
dns_is_private	dns_is_private(addr: string) -> int	Check if address is private
dns_normalize_host	dns_normalize_host(host: string) -> string	Normalize a hostname
dns_join_host_port	dns_join_host_port(host: string, port: int) -> string	Join host and port
dns_split_host	dns_split_host(hostport: string) -> string	Extract host from host:port
dns_split_port	dns_split_port(hostport: string) -> int	Extract port from host:port

---

57. URL Parsing

Function	Signature	Description
url_scheme	url_scheme(url: string) -> string	Extract the scheme from a URL
url_host	url_host(url: string) -> string	Extract the host from a URL
url_path	url_path(url: string) -> string	Extract the path from a URL
url_query	url_query(url: string) -> string	Extract the query string from a URL

---

58. Templates

Function	Signature	Description
template_execute	template_execute(tmpl: string, key: string, val: string) -> string	Execute a template with one variable
html_template_execute	html_template_execute(tmpl: string, key: string, val: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with one variable
html_template_execute2	html_template_execute2(tmpl: string, k1: string, v1: string, k2: string, v2: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with two variables
html_template_execute3	html_template_execute3(tmpl: string, k1: string, v1: string, k2: string, v2: string, k3: string, v3: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with three variables
html_template_if	html_template_if(tmpl: string, key: string, cond: int, val: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with conditional
html_template_range	html_template_range(tmpl: string, key: string, items: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with range iteration
html_template_with	html_template_with(tmpl: string, key: string, val: string) -> string	Execute an HTML template with context
html_template_nested	html_template_nested(outer: string, key: string, cond: int, inner: string, val: string) -> string	Execute nested HTML templates

---

59. Image Processing

PNG

Function	Signature	Description
png_available	png_available() -> int	Check if PNG support is available
png_encode_gray	png_encode_gray(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode grayscale PNG
png_encode_rgb	png_encode_rgb(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode RGB PNG
png_decode_gray	png_decode_gray(data: string) -> string	Decode grayscale PNG
png_width	png_width(data: string) -> int	Get PNG width
png_height	png_height(data: string) -> int	Get PNG height

GIF

Function	Signature	Description
gif_encode_rgb	gif_encode_rgb(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode RGB GIF
gif_decode_rgb	gif_decode_rgb(data: string) -> string	Decode RGB GIF
gif_width	gif_width(data: string) -> int	Get GIF width
gif_height	gif_height(data: string) -> int	Get GIF height
gif_encode_rgb_lzw	gif_encode_rgb_lzw(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode RGB GIF with LZW
gif_decode_rgb_lzw	gif_decode_rgb_lzw(data: string) -> string	Decode LZW GIF

JPEG

Function	Signature	Description
jpeg_encode_gray	jpeg_encode_gray(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode grayscale JPEG
jpeg_decode_gray	jpeg_decode_gray(data: string) -> string	Decode grayscale JPEG
jpeg_width	jpeg_width(data: string) -> int	Get JPEG width
jpeg_height	jpeg_height(data: string) -> int	Get JPEG height
jpeg_encode_gray_dct	jpeg_encode_gray_dct(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode JPEG with DCT
jpeg_dct_dc	jpeg_dct_dc(data: string) -> int	Get DCT DC coefficient
jpeg_encode_gray_huff	jpeg_encode_gray_huff(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode JPEG with Huffman
jpeg_huff_block	jpeg_huff_block(data: string) -> string	Get Huffman-encoded block
jpeg_encode_gray_jfif	jpeg_encode_gray_jfif(width: int, height: int, pixels: string) -> string	Encode JPEG with JFIF header
jpeg_is_jfif	jpeg_is_jfif(data: string) -> int	Check if data is JFIF

---

60. Archive Formats

Tar

Function	Signature	Description
tar_write_file	tar_write_file(name: string, data: string, archive: string) -> int	Write a file to a tar archive
tar_first_name	tar_first_name(archive: string) -> string	Get the name of the first file in a tar

Zip

Function	Signature	Description
zip_write_file	zip_write_file(name: string, data: string, archive: string) -> int	Write a file to a zip archive
zip_first_name	zip_first_name(archive: string) -> string	Get the name of the first file
zip_read_file	zip_read_file(archive: string, name: string) -> string	Read a file from a zip archive
zip_list	zip_list(archive: string) -> []string	List files in a zip archive
zip_create	zip_create() -> ZipWriter	Create a new zip writer
zip_add	zip_add(zw: ZipWriter, name: string, data: string) -> int	Add a file to a zip writer
zip_write_to	zip_write_to(zw: ZipWriter, path: string) -> int	Write zip to a file
zip_close	zip_close(zw: ZipWriter) -> void	Close the zip writer
zip_deflate_available	zip_deflate_available() -> int	Check if zip deflate is available

---

61. Multipart Forms

Function	Signature	Description
multipart_boundary	multipart_boundary(content_type: string) -> string	Extract multipart boundary from Content-Type
multipart_form_value	multipart_form_value(body: string, boundary: string, field: string) -> string	Get a form field value
multipart_file_name	multipart_file_name(body: string, boundary: string, field: string) -> string	Get uploaded file name
multipart_file_content_type	multipart_file_content_type(body: string, boundary: string, field: string) -> string	Get uploaded file content type
multipart_file_value	multipart_file_value(body: string, boundary: string, field: string) -> string	Get uploaded file contents
multipart_file_size	multipart_file_size(body: string, boundary: string, field: string) -> int	Get uploaded file size
multipart_file_allowed	multipart_file_allowed(body: string, boundary: string, field: string, max_size: int, allowed_types: string) -> int	Validate uploaded file

---

62. Reflect

Function	Signature	Description
reflect_type_of_int	reflect_type_of_int(val: int) -> string	Get type name of an int value
reflect_type_of_string	reflect_type_of_string(val: string) -> string	Get type name of a string value
reflect_kind_of_int	reflect_kind_of_int(val: int) -> string	Get kind of an int value
reflect_kind_of_string	reflect_kind_of_string(val: string) -> string	Get kind of a string value
reflect_value_string_int	reflect_value_string_int(val: int) -> string	Convert int to reflect string
reflect_value_string_str	reflect_value_string_str(val: string) -> string	Convert string to reflect string
reflect_len_string	reflect_len_string(val: string) -> int	Get length via reflect
reflect_struct_num_fields	reflect_struct_num_fields(type_name: string) -> int	Get number of struct fields
reflect_struct_field_name	reflect_struct_field_name(type_name: string, idx: int) -> string	Get struct field name
reflect_struct_field_type	reflect_struct_field_type(type_name: string, idx: int) -> string	Get struct field type
reflect_struct_has_field	reflect_struct_has_field(type_name: string, field: string) -> int	Check if struct has a field
reflect_value_new	reflect_value_new(type_name: string) -> ReflectValue	Create a new reflect value
reflect_value_set	reflect_value_set(rv: ReflectValue, field: string, val: string) -> int	Set a field on a reflect value
reflect_value_get	reflect_value_get(rv: ReflectValue, field: string) -> string	Get a field from a reflect value
reflect_value_num_fields	reflect_value_num_fields(rv: ReflectValue) -> int	Get number of fields
reflect_value_field_at	reflect_value_field_at(rv: ReflectValue, idx: int) -> string	Get field value at index
reflect_value_set_at	reflect_value_set_at(rv: ReflectValue, idx: int, val: string) -> int	Set field value at index
reflect_value_schema	reflect_value_schema(rv: ReflectValue) -> string	Get value schema as string
reflect_value_clone	reflect_value_clone(rv: ReflectValue) -> ReflectValue	Clone a reflect value
reflect_value_equal	reflect_value_equal(a: ReflectValue, b: ReflectValue) -> int	Compare two reflect values
reflect_value_of_type	reflect_value_of_type(type_name: string) -> ReflectValue	Create a value of a named type
reflect_type_schema	reflect_type_schema(type_name: string) -> string	Get type schema
reflect_type_count	reflect_type_count() -> int	Count registered types
reflect_type_name_at	reflect_type_name_at(idx: int) -> string	Get type name at index

---

63. Context & Timeout

Function	Signature	Description
context_with_timeout	context_with_timeout(timeout_ms: int) -> int	Create a context with timeout
context_expired	context_expired(ctx: int) -> int	Check if context has expired
context_remaining	context_remaining(ctx: int) -> int	Milliseconds remaining

---

64. BytesBuffer

Function	Signature	Description
bytes_buffer	bytes_buffer() -> BytesBuffer	Create a new bytes buffer
bytes_buffer_write	bytes_buffer_write(bb: BytesBuffer, data: string) -> void	Write to the buffer
bytes_buffer_string	bytes_buffer_string(bb: BytesBuffer) -> string	Get buffer contents as string
bytes_buffer_len	bytes_buffer_len(bb: BytesBuffer) -> int	Get buffer length
bytes_buffer_reset	bytes_buffer_reset(bb: BytesBuffer) -> void	Reset the buffer

---

65. Error Handling

Function	Signature	Description
result_unwrap_or	result_unwrap_or(r: Result[int, string], default: int) -> int	Unwrap Result or return default
wrap_err	wrap_err(r: Result[int, string], msg: string) -> Result[int, string]	Wrap an error with additional context
errorf	errorf(fmt: string, arg: string) -> Result[int, string]	Create a formatted error Result
error_is	error_is(r: Result[int, string], target: string) -> bool	Check if error matches a target string
error_string	error_string(r: Result[int, string]) -> string	Extract error message from a Result

---

66. OpenAPI & GraphQL

Function	Signature	Description
openapi_route	openapi_route(method: string, path: string, summary: string) -> string	Define an OpenAPI route
openapi_doc	openapi_doc(title: string, version: string, routes: string) -> string	Generate an OpenAPI document
graphql_field	graphql_field(name: string) -> string	Create a GraphQL field
graphql_arg	graphql_arg(name: string, value: string) -> string	Create a GraphQL argument
graphql_data	graphql_data(key: string, value: string) -> string	Create a GraphQL data response
graphql_error	graphql_error(msg: string) -> string	Create a GraphQL error response
graphql_request	graphql_request(query: string) -> string	Build a GraphQL request
graphql_is_mutation	graphql_is_mutation(query: string) -> int	Check if query is a mutation

---

67. SSE & RPC

Function	Signature	Description
sse_event	sse_event(event: string, data: string) -> string	Format a Server-Sent Event
sse_retry	sse_retry(ms: int) -> string	Format an SSE retry directive
rpc_frame	rpc_frame(method: string, payload: string) -> string	Build an RPC frame
rpc_method	rpc_method(frame: string) -> string	Extract method from RPC frame
rpc_payload	rpc_payload(frame: string) -> string	Extract payload from RPC frame

---

68. NoSQL Databases

Function	Signature	Description
mongo_connect_url	mongo_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a MongoDB connection URL
mongo_find_one_request	mongo_find_one_request(collection: string, filter: string) -> string	Build a findOne request
cassandra_connect_url	cassandra_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a Cassandra connection URL
cassandra_select	cassandra_select(keyspace: string, table: string, where_clause: string) -> string	Build a Cassandra SELECT
clickhouse_connect_url	clickhouse_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse a ClickHouse connection URL
clickhouse_select	clickhouse_select(db: string, table: string, where_clause: string) -> string	Build a ClickHouse SELECT
elastic_connect_url	elastic_connect_url(url: string) -> string	Parse an Elasticsearch connection URL
elastic_search_request	elastic_search_request(index: string, query: string) -> string	Build an Elasticsearch search request
queue_stub_ping	queue_stub_ping() -> int	Queue stub ping

---

69. Process Execution

Function	Signature	Description
exec_output	exec_output(cmd: string) -> string	Run a command and return its output
exec_run	exec_run(cmd: string) -> int	Run a command and return exit code

---

70. MIME

Function	Signature	Description
mime_type	mime_type(ext: string) -> string	Get MIME type for a file extension